DEVELOPMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF TALPER: AN ECO-FRIENDLY PAPER

MADE FROM TALAHIB (Imperata cylindrica) FIBERS

A research presented to
Mr. John Christian C. Carpio
Calumpit National High School
Senior High School Department

in partial fulfillment of the requirements in

Practical Research 1
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Strand

by:

GROUP NAMES HERE IN ORDER OF CONTRIBUTION

ANDAYA, MADAYA K.
SUPOT, JUNJUN K.
HOMABA, AKO N.
DYAKAN, TINA M.
UNGA, SUSAN M.
ATAY, BALUN T.

April 2024
Introduction

Introduction must contain the background of the study. Start with the broad topics going

into the most specific one. Provide supporting literatures. Evaluate the present situation. Identify

the gaps in the present and explain why there is a need for the study. Add more literature

reviews, supporting data, and additional justification for the conduct of research. The font should

be in Times New Roman, size 12, double spacing, and justified margin. Paste the stages 1-6 here,

6 paragraphs.

Objectives of the study

1. To develop the kemerut.

2. To determine the kemberlu.

3. To investigate the charotism.

Significance of the study

The study investigated the relationship between the teaching style of SHS science

teachers and students’ online learning satisfaction. The results of the study could add new

knowledge and dimension in the field of education during the new normal. The outcomes of this

research would be highly significant in the following ways:

For students, this will help them to be encouraged and put their best foot forward to

maximize their performance and capabilities in the attainment of success in education during the

new normal.

For teachers, this will provide them with the necessary ideas in enhancing their

potentials and teaching skills. They are Considered the backbone of society and education, and
they are the primary beneficiaries of this study, for the results will help them better understand

their job as classroom managers. This will provide them with valuable information to come up

with an alternative solution and effective approach to dealing with the students. Furthermore, it

will allow them to improve their personality in managing and supervising their classes.

This study will be a great help for future researchers since it will provide additional

evidence to support the findings that a significant relationship exists between teaching style and

student satisfaction. This research may also serve as a reference for their study.

Scope and Delimitation

Insert your scope and delimitation section here.

Review of Related Literature

Cornstarch

Cornstarch, a fine powder extracted from corn kernels, has been utilized for centuries in

various cultures for culinary, medicinal, and industrial purposes. With its unique properties and

wide-ranging applications, cornstarch remains a staple ingredient in households and industries

worldwide. Cornstarch is extensively utilized across various industries, including food and

beverage, pharmaceuticals, textiles, paper, adhesives, and biodegradable plastics. Cornstarch, a

fine powder extracted from corn kernels, has been utilized for centuries in various cultures for

culinary, medicinal, and industrial purposes. With its unique properties and wide-ranging

applications, cornstarch remains a staple ingredient in households and industries worldwide.

Cornstarch is extensively utilized across various industries, including food and beverage,
pharmaceuticals, textiles, paper, adhesives, and biodegradable plastics. Cornstarch, a fine powder

extracted from corn kernels, has been utilized for centuries in various cultures for culinary,

medicinal, and industrial purposes. With its unique properties and wide-ranging applications,

cornstarch remains a staple ingredient in households and industries worldwide. Cornstarch is

extensively utilized across various industries, including food and beverage, pharmaceuticals,

textiles, paper, adhesives, and biodegradable plastics.

Mussel shells

Mussel shells possess significant potential for application in bioplastic production due to

their abundance, renewability, and inherent properties. Composed primarily of calcium

carbonate, mussel shells offer a sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics,

mitigating environmental concerns associated with plastic waste. Innovative extraction and

processing techniques can convert calcium carbonate into biodegradable polymers suitable for

various plastic applications. Furthermore, the utilization of mussel shells in bioplastic production

promotes circularity within the seafood industry by repurposing waste materials. This approach

reduces the environmental footprint of plastic production and contributes to resource efficiency

and waste management. Overall, the incorporation of mussel shells in bioplastic manufacturing

demonstrates promising prospects for achieving both environmental sustainability and circular

economy objectives. This is just an example. Do not copy. Delete this section. This is just an

example. Do not copy. Delete this section. This is just an example. Do not copy. Delete this

section. This is just an example. Do not copy. Delete this section. This is just an example. Do not

copy. Delete this section. This is just an example. Do not copy. Delete this section. This is just an
example. Do not copy. Delete this section. This is just an example. Do not copy. Delete this

section.

Research Methodology

The objective of the researcher is to determine how the teaching styles of the SHS

science teachers relate to students’ online learning satisfaction in Calumpit National High

School. The study used descriptive correlational research to assess relationships and patterns of

relationships among variables (Ary, et al, 2010). It is therefore deemed that correlational research

is the best method since the study only aims to describe the relationships that occur among the

variables. The units of analysis of the study are the students in Calumpit National High School.

1. Product development

In developing the product, the researchers adopted the methods used in the study of

Bautista (2022). First, the talahib grass, also known as cogon grass or Imperata cylindrica, is

harvested. The harvested grass is then cleaned to remove any dirt, debris, or impurities. Next,

the cleaned talahib grass is soaked in water to soften the fibers and make them more pliable.

This soaking process can take several hours or even days, depending on the thickness and

maturity of the grass fibers. Once the fibers are sufficiently softened, they are beaten or

pounded to break them down further and separate the individual fibers. This step, known as

pulping, can be done manually using wooden mallets or mechanically using machines

designed for this purpose. The goal is to create a pulp of uniform consistency with well-

separated fibers. After pulping, the talahib pulp is mixed with water to create a slurry or

suspension of fibers. This fiber slurry is then poured into a vat or container equipped with a

wire mesh screen, known as a mould and deckle. The mould and deckle are used to form the
paper sheet by filtering out the fibers while allowing excess water to drain away. Once the

paper sheet has been formed on the mould and deckle, it is transferred to a flat surface, such

as a drying rack or board, to dry. The drying process may take several hours or days,

depending on the thickness of the paper and environmental conditions. After the paper has

dried completely, it is carefully removed from the drying surface and inspected for quality.

Any imperfections or irregularities may be corrected manually by trimming or smoothing the

edges of the paper. Finally, the finished talahib paper is ready for use. It can be used for a

variety of purposes, including writing, drawing, painting, and crafts. Talahib paper is prized

for its natural texture, strength, and durability, making it a popular choice among artists,

artisans, and paper enthusiasts alike.

2. Evaluating the talahib paper in terms of absorbency and ink compatibility.

2.1 Absorbency

In evaluating the absorbency of the talahib paper, the researchers will employ

the methods used in the study of Asco (2018). A systematic approach involving

several key steps is employed to evaluate the absorbency compatibility of talahib

paper. The testing area is prepared with a clean, flat surface, and uniform-sized

samples of talahib paper are cut and labeled for identification. An absorbency test is

conducted using watercolor paints or ink washes to gauge how well the paper absorbs

liquid media. The time of absorption is observed. Drying times are recorded to assess

the paper's suitability for quick-drying applications or layered techniques.

Table 1
 Scale used to assess the absorption time of inks in the Talahib paper.

Description Interpretation

The paper absorbs liquid within seconds to minutes

Rapid Absorption (0-5 minutes) and is suitable for quick-drying

applications or wet media.

The paper absorbs liquid within minutes to hours (5-

Moderate Absorption 24 hours), providing a balance between control and

saturation of media.

The paper absorbs liquid within hours to days (24

Slow Absorption hours - 7 days), allowing for precise control and

blending of colors over an extended period.

Presented in Table 1 is the scale used in assessing the absorption time of inks in

Talahib paper. The researchers adopted the criteria from the study of Mangubat (2020).

The talahib paper was considered to have rapid absorption if the paper absorbs liquid

within 0-5 minutes and is suitable for quick-drying applications or wet media; moderate

absorption if the paper absorbs liquid within 5-24 hours, providing a balance between

control and saturation of media; and slow absorption if the paper absorbs liquid within

hours to days (24 hours - 7 days), allowing for precise control and blending of colors over

an extended period

2.1 Ink compatibility.

The ink compatibility test involves a systematic assessment of how different

writing instruments interact with talahib paper to determine the paper's ability to
 accommodate various ink formulations without bleeding, feathering, or smudging. To

conduct the test, a selection of writing instruments such as ink pens, markers, fountain

pens, and pencils are used to create lines and strokes on the talahib paper surface.

Each writing instrument is tested individually, with attention given to factors such as

ink flow, line clarity, color vibrancy, and drying time. Observations are made

regarding the behavior of the ink on the paper, noting any signs of bleeding,

feathering, or spreading, as well as the overall quality of the lines and colors

produced. Additionally, the paper's resistance to smudging and smearing is evaluated

by rubbing the surface with a dry or slightly damp cloth after the ink has dried. By

systematically testing a range of writing instruments, the ink compatibility test

provides valuable insights into the talahib paper's suitability for different drawing,

writing, and artistic applications.

***Provide table of indicators and parameters that you will use in analyzing

and interpreting your results.

Results, Analysis, and Discussion

For clarity of discussion, the data are categorized and presented in three parts, which

include the results of the product development, evaluating the chuchu, and investigating the

kineme.

1. Product development
 Presented in this section is the result of the product development conducted by the

researchers. The researchers followed the procedures from the study of Bautista (2022).

Table 2.

Results of product development trials

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Material 1 50 g

Material 2 10g

Material 3 5g

Material 4 1g

Presented in Table 2 is the result of product development trials conducted by the

researchers.

Provide the explanations here. One paragraph per trial. Explain what ingredients

and measurements are used for each trial, then explain the results of each trial. Also,

provide detailed Explanations for the reasons for the results. Cite literature in

explaining the reasons.

2. Evaluating the absorbency and ink compatibility

In this section, the results of evaluating the absorbency and ink compatibility of the

Talahib fibers will be presented.

Conclusions

The study provides substantial evidence of the relationship between the teaching style of

teachers and students’ online learning satisfaction at Calumpit National High School. Therefore,

the foregoing study draws the following conclusions:

1 There is a significant relationship between expert teaching style and students’ online

learning satisfaction.

2 There is a significant relationship between formal authority teaching style and

students’ online learning satisfaction.

3 There is a significant relationship between personal model teaching style and

students’ online learning satisfaction.

4 There is a significant relationship between facilitator teaching style and students’

online learning satisfaction.

5 There is a significant relationship between delegator teaching style and students’

online learning satisfaction.

6 There is a significant relationship between teachers’ teaching style and students’

online learning satisfaction.

Recommendations

In the light of the findings of the present study, the following recommendations are made:

1. For teachers, it is recommended that they understand the characteristics, needs,

interests, and level of maturity of their students and ensure that they find the

appropriate combinations of the teaching styles that would help them achieve the
 educational goals in the new normal together with the individual targets or objectives

of the students as this can enhance their online learning satisfaction.

2. For future researchers, the study can be further enhanced by including students from

other strands such as the ABM, GAS, TVL-ICT, TVL-HE, and others as respondents

to make the results more valid. The study can also be explored to include other factors

that might contribute to the online learning satisfaction of the students. It is also

further recommended for accurate results to use regression analysis to correlate one

dependent variable and the combined effects of two or more independent variables.
Prototype

Insert the picture and description here.

References

Akhigbe, J. (2020, October 20). European Journal of Business and Management. Retrieved
from http://www.iiste.org/: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234625788.pdf
Appendices