CONCEPT PAPER

Prepared by:
Noresa E. Abas
Production of Tiles from Varied Mollusks
Shells Powder Combined with Foam
Polystyrene
I.Rationale
• The improper disposal of foam polystyrene has
caused alarming condition to the environment.
Since foam polystyrene is non-biodegradable, it has
contributed to the pollution of both land and water.
• Foam polystyrene wastes obstruct
the flow of water canals and
drainage that results to flash floods
during rainy seasons.
• Report from previous works established that
shells from various mollusks like Talaba, Crab,
Clams and many others can be used as
components in making tiles. It is also reported
that these mollusk shells when combined with
foam polystyrene (FPS) can produce and can
be used as good binding materials.
• It has been shown also that when gas
and FPS are mixed, the resulting mixture is
durable plastic that can be used to seal
holes on roof. Instead of using it as a
sealant, this study intends to use it as a
component for making tiles.
• The aims of this study is to find out
some alternative solution on the rising
problem of our community to minimize
garbage, especially the non-
biodegradable ones.
• This study would also serve
further as information that foam
polystyrene can be used as
component in tile production
• Also, this study shall offer an alternative
to commercial tiles in the market thereby
giving our consumers wider options and
helping them become environmentally
responsible.
II. Theoretical Framework
• Mollusks shells can be described as structural
bio composite materials composed of mineral
and a continuous, albeit minor, organic
component (kamat, Shekhar Shripad 2012).
• Clam shells are very abundant in our locality,
which are highly valued as delicacy. Clam shells
contain calcium carbonate, which indicates
that it can be used as a source of calcium
oxide.
• The researcher’s wants to determine if
dissolved Styrofoam and shells powdered
can be a good component in making tiles.
• The focus of this study is on the utilization
of mollusks shells and Styrofoam dissolved
in gasoline as raw materials for making
tiles.
• Polystyrene is the plastic from which plastic
model kits and yogurt pots are made, expanded
polystyrene, a low –density foamed form, is used
to make ceiling tiles, disposable cups for hot
drinks, and protective packaging.
• Clam chowder is a popular soup in the U.S.
and Canada. In Italy, they are often used as
ingredients mixed with sea dishes, or rare eaten
together with pasta, (Holland,2013)
III. Conceptual Framework
 VARIED MOLLUSKS SHELL
POWDER COMBINED WITH FOAM
POLYSTYRENE

Experimental Tiles LOAD Control

Mollusks shell powder with (Stone) Commercial tiles
foam polystyrene

250 500 750 1000

grams grams grams grams
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

The figure shows the breaking strength test results of

the tiles produced from varied mollusk shell powder
combined with foam polystyrene were determined on
the basis of breaking strength test using different load
of stones (250g, 500g, 750g, and 1000g) that were
dropped off to the samples at about 1.5 meters high.
IV. Statement of the Problem
The study was conducted to determine
the quality of tiles produced from varied
amounts of mollusk shell powder
combined with foam polystyrene.
 Specifically, it sought to answer the following
questions:
1. Is there a significant difference on the quality of tile
produced from varied amounts of mollusk shell powder
combined with foam polystyrene?
2. Which specific treatment shows the best quality of
tile produced from varied amounts of mollusk shell
powder combined with foam polystyrene?
Solid Waste Management Implementation
of Del Monte National High School, Buug
Zamboanga Sibugay
I. Rationale
• Solid waste management greater participation of every
individual is necessary. Without direct participation and
concern problems, in solid waste will not lead into a solution.
• The disposal of solid waste is primarily within the jurisdiction
of municipalities and largely governed by municipal by- laws
which determine the legal and administrative arrangement
for collection and disposal. Solid waste refers to the range of
garbage arising from animal and human activities that are
discarded as unwanted and useless. Solid waste is generated
from industrial, residential and commercial activities in given
area, and may be handled in a variety of ways Rick Le Blanc
(2017).
• The aim of this study is to determine the solid waste
implemented of Del Monte National high School,
Buug, Zamboanga Sibugay as perceived by the
students’ level of awareness and participation.
• The result of this study is to looked into the Solid
Waste Implementation of Del Monte National High
School. It scrutinized the solid waste management
strategy practices in the school and examined the
effectiveness of the program in terms of the level of
awareness and participation of the respondent
II. Theoretical Framework
 The disposal of solid waste is primarily
within the jurisdiction of municipalities
and largely governed by Municipal by-
laws which determine the legal and
administrative arrangement for
collection and disposal.
III- CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
 Solid Waste Management
Implementation of Del Monte
National High School

Level of Level of
Students Students’
Awareness Participation
This research determined the solid waste
implementation of Del Monte National High
School, Buug Zamboanga Sibugay in terms of
the following parameters: Processes involved
such as Method of garbage storage; Method of
garbage collections; and Method of garbage
treatment and disposal. It also looked into the
level of students’ awareness and participation
on the solid waste management.
IV. Statement of the Problem
 - This study determined the solid –
waste implementation of Del Monte
National High School, Buug, and
Zamboanga Sibugay during the first
semester of school year 2018-2019
as perceived by the students’ level
of awareness and participation.
 Specifically, it aims to answer the following queries:
1. What are the solid-waste implemented of Del Monte
National High School in terms of?
1.1Method of garbage storage;
1.2Method of garbage collection; and
1.3Method of garbage treatment and disposal?
2. What are the students’ levels of awareness in
the solid-waste management by grade level?
3. Is there significant difference in the level of
students’ awareness of the solid-waste
management by grade level?
4. What are the levels of students’ participation in the
school’s solid-waste management by grade levels?

5. Is there a significant difference in the level of

students’ participation of the solid-waste management
by grade levels?

6. What action can be done to improve the schools’

solid-waste management?
 Science Teachers’ Utilization of
Innovative Strategies for Teaching
Junior High School In Science
Subject
I. Rationale
• Science as a field of study has made it possible for
man to know more about the universe. The effective
teaching of science subjects can lead to the
attainment of scientific and technological greatness.
• The teachers’ educational qualification is one of
the factors for good delivery of lessons in the
classroom. Professional development can no longer
be viewed as an event that occurs in a particular day
of the year rather it must become part of the daily
work of life of educators.
• listed by the United States’ National Center on
Educational Outcomes (2002). The strategies were
Strategies for Teaching Junior High School qualified
science teachers differs from that of The study took
into consideration thirty six selected innovative
teaching strategies out of one thousand two hundred
and seventy one (1271) instructional strategies listed
by Kelly (2010) and those selected based on their
innovative nature, student centeredness, relevance
to the various science subjects.
• The aim of this study it to assess the evidence as the
science teachers Utilization of Innovative unqualified
science teachers.
• The results of this study have been developed by
educators and found to impact significantly on
students’ academic performance when utilized.
Hence, this study was aimed at examining science
teachers’ utilization of innovative teaching strategies
in teaching Junior high school subject in science.
II. Theoretical Framework
• The Constructivist developed a learning theory known as the
Constructivist Learning Theory. These theorists believe that
learning is based on prior knowledge and that students learn
best when they are allowed to create a personal understanding
based on experiencing things for themselves and reflecting on
them.
• A number of teaching strategies are principled on the
constructivist learning theory which mostly involves a form of
guided discovery in which the teacher avoids direct instruction
and attempts to lead students through questions and activities to
discover, discuss, appreciate and verbalize the new knowledge.
Activities encouraged by constructivist include experimentation,
visualization, research project, field trip, films and class discussion.
• The issue of effective management is what makes a difference
between one science teacher and another. Some teaching strategies
involve the learners more than others and sometimes add more
meaning to everyday life.
• This was stressed by Barbosa, Jofil and Watta (2004) in pointing out
that very little of what science teachers teach will be directly used in
their students’ lives. It is on this basis that they advocated for teachers’
need to look beyond the ‘utility argument’ of the subject so as to see
what aspects of science are needed to enrich lives with an
understanding of people and the universe. Appropriate choice of
teaching strategies could help to bring this to realization.
III. Conceptual Framework
 Science teachers’ number of years of Science teachers’ qualifications
teaching experience influenced their level influenced their level of utilization of
of utilization of innovative teaching innovative teaching strategies
strategies

The utilization of innovative

teaching strategies by qualified
science teachers differs from that
of unqualified science teachers
 This research investigates the innovative
teaching strategies between experienced
and less experienced science teachers and
qualified and unqualified science teachers.
Teacher training institutions in the state
should ensure that teachers in training are
taught on how to use various innovative
teaching strategies.
IV. Statement of the problem
The main purpose of this study was
to find out science teachers’
utilization of innovative teaching
strategies in implementing Junior
High school science curricula.
Specifically, the study sought to
find out:
1. The level to which science teachers utilize
innovative teaching strategies in their teaching.
2 .If science teachers’ number of years of
teaching experience influenced their level of
utilization of innovative teaching strategies
3 .If science teachers’ qualifications influenced
their level of utilization of innovative teaching
strategies.