OTHER THEORIES ON

THE ORIGIN OF THE

UNIVERSE
WHO PROPOSED THE STEADY-STATE
THEORY?

• Fred Hoyle and his colleagues, Herman

Bondi and Tommy Gold, proposed
another theory on the origin of the
universe
STEADY STATE THEORY

Steady-state theory, in cosmology, a view that the universe is

always expanding but maintaining a constant average density,
with matter being continuously created to form new stars and
galaxies at the same rate that old ones become unobservable as a
consequence of their increasing distance and velocity of
recession.
When compared to the big bang theory, one of the advantages
of the steady state theory lies in calculation of the age of the
universe.
According to this theory , scientists initially calculated that the
universe is only a few billion years old-almost as old as the Solar
System- which is not possible.
Since the steady state theory proposed an unchanging universe,
it implies that the universe contains a mixture of young and old
galaxies.
WHO DISPROVED THE STEADY-STATE THEORY?

Astronomer Martin Ryle

In the 1950s the Cambridge radio astronomer Martin
Ryle showed that there were more radio galaxies at great
distances than there were nearby, thus showing that the universe
had evolved over time, a result that could not be explained in
steady-state theory.
• This was disproved because several evidence suggested that the
universe is, in fact, changing.
• The big bang theory suggest that the galaxies age overtime.
• The discovery of quasars, the highly luminous cores of very
distant galaxies, proved that the older galaxies were located
exceedingly farther that the young baby nearby galaxies. This
discovery favors the big bang theory.
IS THE STEADY STATE THEORY A GOOD
THEORY?

For the reasons given above, by the early 1970s the

Steady State theory was no longer accepted by the vast
majority of  cosmologists. The Big Bang theory is now
generally believed to explain the origin of the Universe.
However, despite this it can still be argued that the
Steady State theory is a good theory.
OSCILLATING UNIVERSE
THEORY AND ETERNAL
INFLATION THEORY
• The big bang theory implies that the universe may end someday.
• From this implication, the oscillating universe theory proposed
that the universe currently exists between the big bang and the
big crunch, one of the predicted ends of the universe.
• The theory also believes that current universe is just one of the
many series of universe created by a cycle of the big bangs and
big crunches.
• On the other hand, the eternal inflation theory supposes that
instead of ending in a big crunch, as the oscillating universe
theory believed, the inflation never stop.
• Big crunch theory is one of the possible scenarios of the end of
the universe is predicted to shrink and eventually collapse on
itself.
THE END
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YOU!