Lesson 1.

Big Bang Theory

 explain the origin of the
1 universe according to
the big bang theory;
Objectives
identify different
At the end proponents and evidences
of the 2 that support the big bang
lesson, you theory; and
should be
able to: enumerate the negative
3 implications of the big
bang theory.
 Learn about It!

Big Bang Theory

• The big bang theory is cosmological model that
explains how the universe began.

• It suggests that the universe started its expansion about

13.8 billion years ago.

• The concept of big bang as not a literal explosion of

something leading to the creation of the universe.
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Big Bang Theory and the Bread-Raisin Model

• The bread represents

the universe; while
raisins are galaxies.

• The galaxies,
represented by dots,
are not expanding.
The raisin-bread model of expanding universe
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• Distances in relation to other galaxies just increases

because of the expanding universe.

In the big bang theory, matter dilutes as the universe expands.

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“Singularity”
• The universe started as a “​
singularity​” - an area
predicted to be in the core of
a black hole with very high
temperature and density.

An expanding universe and the

concept of singularity.
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“Singularity”
• The intense heat resulted to
formation of matter and
antimatter particles that were
destroyed every time they
collided with each other.

An expanding universe and the

concept of singularity.
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“Nucleosynthesis”
• Nucleosynthesis​is the
formation of elements,
such as H and He.

• Presence of these elements

led to the formation of
stars and galaxies.
Nucelosynthesis of Helium (He)
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“Nucleosynthesis”
• The presence of stars led
to the formation of other
cosmic bodies such as
planets, comets, and
asteroids.

Nucelosynthesis of Helium (He)

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Evidences that Support the Big Bang Theory

• The expansion of the universe is supported by the
observation that galaxies are receding from us.

• The high amount of light elements like H, He and Li. These

elements were formed through the fusion of protons and
neutrons immediately after the Big Bang.

• The detection of the cosmic microwave background

(CMB) radiation which is the residue or heat leftover from
the Big Bang.
 Learn about It!

Proponents of the Big Bang Theory

• Georges Henri Joseph
Edouard Lemaître was the first
proponent of the theory. He
suggested the idea of the
expanding universe

Georges H.J. Lemaitre

(1894–1966)
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Proponents of the Big Bang Theory

• Edwin Powell Hubble who
established the ​Hubble’s law ​
which provided an evidence that
the universe was not static but
expanding.

Edwin Powell Hubble

(1889 – 1953)
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Proponents of the Big Bang Theory

• Arno Penzias and Robert
Wilson discovered that
microwaves with wavelengths
of about 7 centimeters were
present in space.

Arno Penzias • These waves were referred to Robert Wilson

(born 1933) as the cosmic microwave (born 1941)
background (CMB) radiation.
 Learn about It!

Drawbacks of the Big Bang Theory

• It failed to explain how the universe was created.

• It just explains how it evolve and not where it
originated.
• It also failed to explain how the galaxies formed.
Key Points

Big bang theory suggests that the universe started as

a “singularity” - an area predicted to be in the core
1
of a black hole with very high temperature and
density.

Proponents of the idea of an expanding universe

22 are Georges Henri Joseph Edouard Lemaître,
Edwin Powell Hubble, Arno Penzias ​and​
Robert Wilson.
Key Points

13 Hubble’s law states that the relationship of the

velocities of distant objects in the universe is
directly proportional to their distance from Earth.
2
The big bang theory failed to explain how the
4
universe was created.
2
 Check Your Understanding

Identify the proponent of the theory that

explains the following statements.
1. The the universe originated in an explosive act of
primeval atom or the ‘cosmic egg’.
2. Microwaves with wavelengths of about 7 centimeters
that were present in space
3. The cosmic rays were “ashes and smoke of bright but
very rapid fireworks,” and they originated when the
primeval atom disintegrated.
 Check Your Understanding

Identify the proponent of the theory that

explains the following statements.
4. The relationship of the velocities of distant objects in the
universe is in proportion to their distance from Earth.
5. The amount of redshift is proportional to the distance of
the galaxy.
 Challenge Yourself

How will you explain the big bang theory by relating it

to mass, volume, and density?
 Bibliography

Rodney Holder and Simon Mitton. 2013. Georges Lemaître: Life, Science and Legacy, Germany: Springer
Science & Business Media.

John Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton. 2013. From Dust to Life: The Origin and Evolution of Our Solar
System, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Michael Mark Woolfson. 2012. Time, Space, Stars and Man: The Story of the Big Bang, Singapore: World
Scientific.

J. Schombert. 2012. Origin of the Solar System. Accessed March 16, 2017
http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec24.html

D. Darling. 2016. Chamberlin-Moulton planetesimal hypothesis. Accessed March 16,

2017http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/CMplanhypoth.html
 Photo Credits

● Slide 6: This file, Universe expansion.png by Fredrik, is licensed under CC-BY-SA-4.0 via
Wikimedia Commons.

● Slide 9: This file, Georges Lemaître by Tonynetone, is licensed under CC-BY-SA-2.0 via Flickr

● Slide 9: This file, Studio_portrait_photograph_of_Edwin_Powell_Hubble_(cropped).JPG by Johan

Hagemeyer, is in the public domain via Wikimedia Commons.

● Slide 10: This file, Arno Penzias by Kartik J, is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share
Alike 2.5 Generic via Wikimedia Commons.

● Slide 10: This file, Robert Wilson (28215880301) (cropped).jpgby Victor R. Ruiz, is licensed under CC-
SA 2.0 via Flickr2Commons