Big Bang Theory

Big Bang Theory

• The big bang theory is cosmological model that
explains how the universe began.

• It suggests that the universe started its expansion about

13.8 billion years ago.

• The concept of big bang as not a literal explosion of

something leading to the creation of the universe.
BIG BANG THEORY AND THE BREAD-RAISIN
MODEL
• The bread represents
the universe; while
raisins are galaxies.
• The galaxies,
represented by dots,
are not expanding.

The raisin-bread model of expanding universe

• Distances in relation to other galaxies just increases
because of the expanding universe.

In the big bang theory, matter dilutes as the universe expands.

“SINGULARITY”
• The universe started as a “​
singularity​” - an area predicted
to be in the core of a black hole
with very high temperature and
density.
• The intense heat resulted to
formation of matter and
antimatter particles that were
destroyed every time they
An expanding universe and the
collided with each other. concept of singularity.
“NUCLEOSYNTHESIS”
• Nucleosynthesis​is the
formation of elements, such
as H and He. Presence of
these elements led to the
formation of stars and
galaxies. The presence of
stars led to the formation of Nucelosynthesis of Helium (He)
other cosmic bodies such as
planets, comets, and
asteroids.
EVIDENCES THAT SUPPORT THE BIG BANG THEORY
• The expansion of the universe is supported by the
observation that galaxies are receding from us.
• The high amount of light elements like H, He and Li.
These elements were formed through the fusion of
protons and neutrons immediately after the Big Bang.
• The detection of the cosmic microwave
background (CMB) radiation which is the residue or
heat leftover from the Big Bang.
PROPONENTS OF THE BIG BANG THEORY
• Georges Henri Joseph Edouard
Lemaître was the first proponent
of the theory. He suggested the
idea of the expanding universe
• Edwin Powell Hubble who
established the ​Hubble’s law ​
which provided an evidence that
Georges H.J. the universe was not static but
Edwin Powell
Lemaitre expanding.
Hubble
PROPONENTS OF THE BIG BANG THEORY
• Arno Penzias and Robert
Wilson discovered that
microwaves with wavelengths
of about 7 centimeters were
present in space.
• These waves were referred to
Arno Penzias as the cosmic microwave Robert Wilson
background (CMB) radiation.
The Hubble’s Law:
Based on the graph, what
is the relationship
between the recession
velocity (based on
emitted spectral light of
nebulae) and the distance
of a galaxy from Earth?
Hubble’s Law
DRAWBACKS OF THE BIG BANG THEORY

• It failed to explain how the universe was created.

• It just explains how it evolve and not where it
originated.
• It also failed to explain how the galaxies formed.
 Big bang theory suggests that the universe started as
a “singularity” - an area predicted to be in the core
1
of a black hole with very high temperature and
density.

Proponents of the idea of an expanding universe

22 are Georges Henri Joseph Edouard Lemaître,
Edwin Powell Hubble, Arno Penzias ​and​
Robert Wilson.
13 Hubble’s law states that the relationship of the
velocities of distant objects in the universe is
directly proportional to their distance from Earth.
2
The big bang theory failed to explain how the
4
universe was created.
2
Identify the proponent of the theory that explains the
following statements.
1. The the universe originated in an explosive act of primeval atom or
the ‘cosmic egg’.
2. Microwaves with wavelengths of about 7 centimeters that were
present in space
3. The cosmic rays were “ashes and smoke of bright but very rapid
fireworks,” and they originated when the primeval atom
disintegrated.
4. The relationship of the velocities of distant objects in the universe is
in proportion to their distance from Earth.
5. The amount of redshift is proportional to the distance of the galaxy.
HOW WILL YOU EXPLAIN THE BIG BANG THEORY BY
RELATING IT TO MASS, VOLUME, AND DENSITY?