MARY GOLD Y.

SARTILLO, LPT
 Review:
1. Whatare the three most abundant elements in universe?
2. What matter does the universe consist of at 4.6%?
3. What comprises baryonic matter?
4. What matter has gravity but does not emit light?
5. What comprises 71.4% of the universe?
6. What is the building block of galaxies?
7. What do you call the cluster of stars?
8. How old is the universe?
 Geocentric theory
Vs.
Heliocentric theory
When a wave travels
between two objects,
the wavelength seems
to change if one or
both of them are
moving.
DOPPLER EFFECT
The Doppler effect is the change in the
wavelength of a wave when there is a motion that
increases or decreases the distance between the
receiver and the source.
RED SHIFT
Redshift occurs when electromagnetic waves shift to
longer wavelengths (shift towards the red end of the
spectrum when the source of the waves is moving
away from the observer).
Learning Target:
1. Explain the origin of the universe according to
the big bang theory.
2.Identify different proponents that support the
big bang theory.
Big Bang
balloon
Activity
Big Bang Balloon Activity Materials:

● Balloon
● Permanent Marker
● String
● Ruler
Procedure:
1. Partially inflate the balloon. Use the clothespin to clip the end so that the
air will not escape.
2. Using a permanent marker, draw six widely spaced dots on the balloon.
Label one dot "H" which indicates home and the other dots A to E.
3. Since the balloon is curved, a string could be used first to measure the
distance from "H" to each dot. Then, use a ruler to measure the length of
the string. Record each distance on the initial measurement column on the
table provided.
4. Remove the clothespin. Then, inflate the balloon again to make it bigger.
5. Observe what happens to the dots. Repeat step 3 but record the distances
on the Trial 1 column on the table provided.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 two more times. Record your measurements under
Trial 2 and 3 column.
Questions:
1. As the balloon gets bigger, what happens to the
distances from the "H" dot to the other dots?
2. What dot(s) move(s) the farthest? Is it the dot near
the "H" or the dot farther from "H"?
3. If the dots correspond to groups of stars and the
balloons represent the universe, how will you explain
the concept of expanding universe?
The big bang theory
❖A cosmological model explaining how the
universe began.
❖It suggests that the universe started its
expansion about 13.8 billion years ago.
BIG BANG THEORY
❖The big bang theory suggests that the universe
started as a “singularity”.

❖This singularity constantly expands and cools.

Nucleosynthesis
❖The formation of elements, such as hydrogen
and helium.
❖The presence of these elements led to the
formation of the stars and the galaxies.
Proponents of the Big Bang Theory

Georges Henri Joseph Edouard Lemaitre

❖Suggested the idea of the expanding

universe.

❖He is considered the first proponent of the

big bang theory.
Proponents of the Big Bang Theory

Georges Henri Joseph Edouard Lemaitre

He explained that the universe originated in

an explosive act of primeval atom or the
‘Cosmic egg’ which was like a huge atomic
nucleus.
Proponents of the Big Bang Theory

Edwin Powell Hubble

❖Established the Hubble’s law which provided

evidence that the universe was not static but
expanding.

❖Hubble’s Law says simply that a galaxy's velocity (or as

is sometimes plotted, its redshift) is directly
proportional to its distance
Proponents of the Big Bang Theory

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson

❖Discovered Cosmic Microwave
Background (CMB): is the leftover
radiation when the universe was
formed.

❖Evidence of the Big Bang Theory

Drawbacks of the Big Bang Theory

◦It failed to explain how the universe was

created.
◦This theory also failed to explain how the
galaxies formed.
Activity Title: Expanding Universe Date: August 18, 2023
Learning Target: Activity No.: 1.3

Concept Notes:
• The big bang theory suggests that the universe started as a “singularity”.
● Proponents of Big Bang Theory: Georges Henri Joseph Edouard
Lemaitre, Edwin Powell Hubble, Arno Penzias, and Robert Wilson.
● Hubble’s law states that the relationship of the velocities of distant
objects in the universe is directly proportional to their distance from
Earth.
● The big bang theory failed to explain how the universe was created.
A. Identify the proponent of the theory that explains the following statements.

__________1. He used the radial pulse of Cepheid star to measure the distance
of the star from Earth.
__________2. He stated that the amount of redshift is proportional to the
distance of the galaxy.
__________3. He is considered the first proponent of the big bang theory.
__________4. He used the Hooker telescope to support his idea.
__________5.He proposed that the universe originated in an explosive act of
primeval atom or the ‘cosmic egg’.
__________6. Discovered cosmic microwave background radiation.
B. Answer the question. Limit your answer in 2 to 3 sentences.

1. Why is the bread-raisin model compared to the big bang theory?

2. State the drawbacks of Big Bang Theory.