EFT13103 APPLIED PHYSICS

Lecture 7 – Fluid II
 Ideal Gases
.An “ideal” gas exhibits certain theoretical properties
… Specifically, an ideal gas
.Obeys all of the gas laws under all conditions 
.Does not condense into a liquid when cooled 
Shows perfectly straight lines when its V and T & P and 
.T relationships are plotted on a graph

In reality, there are no gases that fit this definition

.perfectly
We assume that gases are ideal to simplify our
.calculations
Ideal-Gas Equation
So far we’ve seen that •
(Boyle’s1/P V
law)
(Charles’T V
law)
n V
(Avogadro’snT
law)
V
P we get •
Combining these,
?WHAT DOES THIS MEAN
What is the pattern or the proportionality of 
n ?the data on the left
V
T
Is there a number you could multiply the 
P column by so that its values are
right
nT ?EQUAL TO the volumes
V P
0 0
R = 2 

1 0.5
2 1
3 1.5
4 2
5 2.5
6 3
 Ideal-Gas Equation
The
nT
relationship V
P

then nTV = R
becomes P
or
PV =
nRT
 The Ideal Gas Law
PV = nRT
P = Pressure (in V = Volume (in
n = molesTkPa)
= Temperature (in K)
L)
R = 8.31 kPa • L
K • mol
If we are given three of P, V, n, orR is constant.
.T, we can solve for the unknown value
Ideal-Gas Equation
 How many moles of H2 molecules are in a 3.1 L.
sample of H2 measured at 300 kPa and 20°C?
?What is the mass of that sample
P = 300 kPa PV = nRT ”Isolate “n

T = 20oC+ 273 = 293K RTRT

V = 3.1 L
n = PV
RT

2.02 gn = 0.38 mol H2 x n = (300 kPa)(3.1L)

mol 1 )293K()8.314(
g 0.77=
 C and 100 kPa, 1.00 L of a compound has aAt 150C.
.Calculate its molar massmass of 2.506 g.
P = 100 kPa
”Isolate “nPV = nRT
T = 150oC
423K = 273 + RT RT
V = 1.00 L
n = PV
m = 2.506 g
RT
n = (100 kPa)(1.00 L)
)423K()8.314(
n = 0.028 mol g ? x g 2.506=
mol 0.028 mol 1 mol 0.028 n = 0.028 mol

g ? g 2.506= g/mol 89.5=

mol 1 mol 0.028
 Ideal Gas Law Questions
How many moles of CO2(g) are in a 5.6 L sample .1

?of CO2 measured at STP

a) Calculate the volume of 4.50 mol of SO2(g) .2

b) What volume would thismeasured at STP.

?occupy at 25 C and 150 kPa
How many grams of Cl2(g) can be stored in a 10.0 .3

?L container at 1000 kPa and 30 C

mL of an unknown gas weighs 0.087 g at 98 .4
CanSTP. Calculate the molar mass of the gas.
?you determine the identity of this unknown gas
 ?Moles of CO2 is in a 5.6 L at STP .1
PV = nRTP=101.325 kPa, V=5.6 L, T=273 K

n (8.31 kPa•L/K•mol)(273 K) = )5.6 L()kPa 101.3(

(101.325 kPa)(5.6 L)n =

= 0.25 mol
)273 K()kPa•L/K•mol 8.31(
 ,at STPa) Volume of 4.50 mol of SO2.2

PV=nRTP= 101.3 kPa, n= 4.50 mol, T= 273 K

273()8.31 kPa•L/K•mol()4.5 mol(=)V()kPa 101.3(

)K
)273 K()8.31 kPa•L/K•mol()mol 4.50(
=V L 100.8 =
)kPa 101.3(
 ?b) Volume at 25 C and 150 kPa
Given: P = 150 kPa, n = 4.50 mol, T = 298
K

)298 K()8.31 kPa•L/K•mol()mol 4.50(

=V L 74.3 =
)kPa 150(
How many grams of Cl2(g) can be stored in a .3
?L container at 1000 kPa and 30 C 10.0

PV = nRT P= 1000 kPa, V= 10.0 L, T= 303 K

3.97 mol= )10.0 L()kPa 1000(

)303 K()kPa•L/K•mol 8.31(
Cl2 = 70.9 g/mol
g /mol = 282 gmol x 70.9 3.97
mol gas at STP = 22.4 L 1
Mass = mol x molar mass
3.97 mol = )10.0 L()kPa 1000(
)303 K()kPa•L/K•mol 8.31(
Cl2 = 70.9 g/mol

mol x 70.9 3.97 =

g /mol = 282

mol gas at STP = 22.4 L 1

mL of an unknown gas weighs 0.081 g at 98 .4
.Calculate the molar massSTP.
P= 101.3 kPa, V= 0.098 L, T= 273 KPV = nRT

n = 0.00396 mol = )0.098 L()kPa 101.3(

)273 K()kPa•L/K•mol 8.31(
x mol 0.004378 0.081 g= g ?
mol
g/mol 19.88 = ?
It’s probably neon
neon has a molar mass of 20.18(