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Management of Schizophrenia
(Second Edition)
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1.To increase awareness on diagnosis
of schizophrenia
Learning 2.To identify risk factors of
objectives schizophrenia
3.To emphasise early diagnosis &
referral if indicated
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Introduction
Risk factor
Outline of Screening
presentation Diagnosis
Referral
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Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder that alters an
individual’s perception, thought, affect & behaviour.
Globally schizophrenia was ranked as 11th leading cause of
disability in 2013.1
Second report of National Mental Health Registry on
Schizophrenia in 2003 to 2005 stated that incidence rate in
Introduction Malaysia is 5 cases/100,000 population/year & expected cases
at about 100 cases/100,000/year.2
1. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for
301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013. Lancet.
2015;386(9995):743-800
2. Aziz AA, et al. Med J Malaysia. 2008;63 Suppl C:15-17
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1. Family history of schizophrenia
2. Substance-induced psychoses associated with
cannabis, hallucinogens & amphetamines
3. Increasing paternal age
4. Most urban environment
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• More evidence is warranted before screening tools for
pre-psychosis in schizophrenia can be recommended.
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CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
Diagnostic
Criteria for
Schizophreni - based on DSM 5 &
a (DSM-5) ICD-10
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Diagnostic
Criteria for
Schizophreni
a (DSM-5)-2
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Diagnostic
Criteria for
Schizophreni
a (DSM-5)-3
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Diagnostic
Criteria for
Schizophreni
a (DSM-5)-4
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International
Statistical
Classification
of Diseases
and Related
Health
Problems,
10th Revision
(ICD 10)
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International
Statistical
Classification
of Diseases
and Related
Health
Problems,
10th Revision
(ICD 10)-2
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International
Statistical
Classification
of Diseases
and Related
Health
Problems,
10th Revision
(ICD 10)-3
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Diagnosis
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1. Prodromal or attenuated symptoms
2. Unclear diagnosis
3. Plan for psychosocial rehabilitation
Early 4. Treatment adherence issues
referral to 5. Poor response to treatment
specialist 6. Potential violent behaviour to self or others
care 7. Drug-related complications
8. Co-morbid substance abuse
9. Special groups e.g. pregnancy, paediatric &
geriatric age
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1. Risk factors for schizophrenia include positive family
history, substance-induced psychosis, increasing
paternal age, history of obstetric complications,
prenatal exposure to infection & childhood central
nervous system infection.
Take Home 2. People with possible schizophrenia should be assessed
Messages thoroughly by history taking, physical examination,
mental state examination & relevant investigation (if
indicated).
3. Schizophrenia is a clinical diagnosis based on DSM 5 &
ICD 10.
4. Early referral to psychiatric service in people with
schizophrenia having diagnostic & treatment issues.
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Thank you
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