Historical

Antecedents in the
Course of Science
and Technology
Part B

JOHN CARLO B. CONIENDO

INSTRUCTOR
 Objectives
• After the lesson, the students can

• explain how science and technology affected the society and

environment and vice versa;
• identify inventions and discoveries that changed the world over the
course of history; and
• discuss the scientific and technological developments in the
Philippines.
 Egyptian Civilization
• Located in northern Africa
• Many engineering and architectural
feats, including the great Pyramids of
Egypt
 Paper or papyrus
• One of the earlier contribution of Egyptian
civilization was the paper or papyrus which made
writing easier for the world.
• They developed papyrus to address the issue on the
fragile and heavy clay tablets they use for record
keeping.

• Papyrus – was a plant that abundantly grow in the

Nile river
 Ink
• As clay tablets were replaced by
paper, engraving is no longer
useful.
• They invented ink by combining
soot with different chemicals to
produce inks of different colors.
 Hieroglyphics
• A system of writing developed by the
Egyptians
• Egyptians believed that this form of
writing was given to them by their
gods.
• This tell the rich culture and history
of ancient Egyptians
 Cosmetics
• Used for both health and aesthetic reasons.
• Egyptians wore Kohl around the eyes to prevent
and even cure eye diseases.
• Kohl was created by mixing soot or malachite with
mineral galena.
• They believed that make up can protect them from
evil and that beauty is a sign of holiness.
 Wig
• Another cosmetic invention of the Egyptians
• During early times, wigs are used to protect
the shaved heads of the wealthy Egyptians
from the harmful rays of the sun.
• It was considered cleaner than natural hair
because it prevented the accumulation of
head lice.
 Water Clock/Clepsydra
• This device utilizes gravity that affects
the flow of water from one vessel to
another.
• The amount of water left in the device
was used to determine the time.
• This water clock is used as a time
keeping device during the ancient
times.
 Greek Civilization
• Greece Is an archipelago in the south-eastern
Europe.
• Birthplace of western philosophy- mathematics
and science.
 Alarm Clock
• A time device that tells when
to start or stop
• They made use of water
(sometimes small stones or
sand) that dropped into
drums which sounded the
alarm.
• Plato used this alarm clock
to signal the start of his
lecture.
 Water Mill
• Used in agricultural processes like milling of
grains which was a necessary form of food
processing during that time.
• This is better than mills powered by animals
because they required less effort and time to
operate.
• They only require access to rivers or flowing
water .
 Roman Civilization
• Perceived as the strongest political and social
entity in the west.
• Model of other civilizations In terms of law and
governance.
 Newspaper
• The first newspaper known as gazettes, contained announcement of
the roman empire to the people.
• Engraved in metal or stones and are publicly displayed.
 Bound Books or Codex
• Julius Caesar, started the
tradition of stacking up papyrus
to form pages of a book.
• Later on, they cover this
stacked papyrus with wax
(suddenly changed to animal
skin)
• With this invention, the romans
are said to develop the first
books in history.
 Roman Architecture
• The most visual contribution of the romans to
the world
• Said to be a continuation of the Greek
architecture, hence the resemblance.
• Produced sturdier and stronger infrastructures.
• The roman government supported this
architectural and engineering feat and funded
the cathedrals and basilicas, amphitheatre,
coliseums, aqueducts and even residential
houses.
 Roman Numerals
• Designed by the romans to have their own
number system for faster communication
and transactions.
 Chinese Civilization
• Oldest civilization in Asia
• China is located far east in Asia
 Silk
• They developed the technology to harvest
silk and develop it to produce paper and
clothing.

• The silk trade opened China to the outside

world, bridging the gap between the
western world and the middle kingdom.
 Tea Production
• Tea is the beverage produced by pouring hot
or boiling water over crushed or shredded
dried tea leaves.
• The first tea was drunk by a Chinese emperor.
• Tea production was made possible through an
invention of a machine that shred tea leaves
into strips.
 Great Wall of China
• Once considered as the only man-
made structure that could be seen
from outer space.
• The largest and most extensive
infrastructure that China had built
• Made with stone, brick, wood, earth
and other materials showcased the
engineering technology of China at
that time.
 Gunpowder
• Developed by a Chinese alchemist who aimed to develop immortality.
• They mixed charcoal, Sulfur and potassium nitrate that could generate
enormous amount of heat at an instant.
• Used in bullets and cannons
 Activity 2: Collage
• In a short bond paper, be able to copy and paste pictures of the
different inventions of ancient times (from Sumerian to Chinese). One
bond paper for each. Due will be next meeting.
I. Sumerian
II. Babylonian
III. Egyptian
IV. Greeks
V. Romans
VI. Chinese
 Supplementary Videos
• Egypt • Romans
• https:// • https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=hO www.youtube.com/watch?v=GX
1tzmi1V5g oEpNjgKzg

• Greece • China
• https:// • https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=6b www.youtube.com/watch?v=kLS
DrYTXQLu8 tXl6CmS8