Refrigeration & Air

conditioning
By-
Engr Mohsin Iftikhar
 Refrigeration vs Air conditioning
Refrigeration
The act or process of treating the air in order to control its
temperature.

Objective: To achieve desired temperature

Air conditioning
The act or process of treating air in order to control its
Temperature, Humidity & cleanliness.

Objective: To achieve comfort condition

Refrigeration

 Introduction
 Principle of refrigeration
 Refrigerants & it`s properties
 unit of refrigeration
 Co-efficient of performance
 Vapour Compression Refrigeration (VCR)
 Vapour Absorption Refrigeration (VAR)
 Application of refrigeration
 INTRODUCTION

 Refrigeration :

“The method of reducing temperature of a system

below surroun
ding temperature and maintain it at lower temperature
Continuously

 Refrigerator :
“It is a device or system used to maintain the low
temperature be
space.”
 Principle of Refrigeration :

How does it work?

High Temperature Reservoir

Heat Rejected

R Work Input

Heat Absorbed

Low Temperature Reservoir

 Refrigerants
The refrigerant is a heat carrying medium which absorbs
Heat from space and rejects heat to outside the refrigerator.

Properties :
• Low Freezing Point
• Low Condensing Pressure
• Good thermal conductivity for rapid heat transfer.
• Non toxic, Non-flammable, Non-corrosive.
• High co-efficient of performance
• High latent heat of evaporation
• Low initial and maintain cost
Co-efficient of Performance :

The coefficient of performance or COP (sometimes CP or CoP) of a heat

pump, refrigerator or air conditioning system is a ratio of useful heating or
cooling provided to work required. Higher COPs equate to lower operating
costs.
Units of Refrigeration

Cooling capacity of an air conditioner or refrigerator is measured Ton or BTU

(British thermal unit)

1 refrigeration ton
1 TON = 12,000 Btu/h = 3,025.9 kilo Calories /h = 12,661 kJ/h

A ton is the amount of heat removed by an air conditioning system that would
melt 1 ton (2000 lbs.) of ice in 24 hours:
 Vapour Compression Refrigeration (VCR)

 The vapour refrigeration system most popular and widely used in

refrigeration and air conditioning for both domestic and industrial
applications.
 Main parts of VCRS :

1. Compressor

2. Condenser

3. Expansion valve

4. Evaporator
Vapour Compression Refrigeration
(VCR)
Typed of Compressors

There are basically 5 types of air conditioner compressor that

are commonly used in the HVAC industry:
1. Reciprocating
2. Scroll
3. Screw
4. Rotary
5. Centrifugal
Types of Compressors
Scroll Compressor
A scroll compressor works in a circular motion, as opposed to up-and-
down piston action. Scroll compressors are becoming more popular for
use in HVAC systems, as they are more reliable and efficient than
reciprocating types.
Scroll Compressor