Measures of Central

Tendency
UNGROUPED Data
 Mean
Median
Mode
Consider the aptitude test scores of ten children below:

95, 78, 69, 91, 82, 76, 76, 86, 88, 80

Find the mean, median, and mode.

 A high school teacher at a small private school assigns trigonometry practice
problems to be worked via the net. Students must use a password to access the
problems and the time of log-in and log-off are automatically recorded for the
teacher. At the end of the week, the teacher examines the amount of time each
student spent working the assigned problems. The data is provided below in
minutes.

15, 28, 25, 48, 22, 43, 49, 34, 22, 33, 27, 25, 22, 20, 39

Find the Mean, Median, and Mode for the above data.
Measures of
Position
Quartiles
 Quartiles
Are points that divide a rank data into four
equal parts. Each set of data has three
quartiles.
First Quartile ()

is a number such that one – fourth or 25% of the

data are smaller in value than , and at most three –
fourths or 75% are larger. is sometimes called the
lower quartile.
Second Quartile ()

is a number such that one – half or 50% of the

data are below and above in value than , is
obviously the median. Hence the former name is
seldom used.
Third Quartile ()

is a number such that three – fourth or 75% of

the data are smaller in value than , and at most one –
fourth or 25% are larger. is sometimes called the
upper quartile.
Formula:
Where,

𝑄=
[ 𝑘 ( 𝑛+1 ) ]
𝑡h
k is the nth
observation
4
n is the total
number of observation
Consider the data set below:

Set A = {23, 15, 19, 43, 39, 25, 37}

 The difference between the
upper quartile () and the lower
quartile () in a set of data is the
interquartile range.
Five – Number Summary
Represents data numerically
Box – and Whisker Plot
Represents data graphically
Consider the data set below:

Set B = {48, 39, 57, 32, 28, 63, 51, 54, 36}
 Mr. O Javier, a bank manager, is interested in the amount of time it takes his teller
to service depositors. On a particular morning, he asked his secretary to record the
service times for 15 customers. The time are given below (to the nearest minute).
6, 9, 7, 5, 15, 10, 9, 7, 4, 9, 10, 9, 8, 6, 7
Find:
a. The mean service time
b. The median time
c. The lower and upper quartiles of the service time.
Note:
Consider the data set below:

Set C = {21, 25, 29, 32, 48, 52, 57, 64}

 Quartiles
Percentiles
 Percentiles
Are the scores – points that divide a
distribution into 100 equal parts. Each set of
data has 99 percentiles.
At most c% At most (100 – c)%

𝑃𝑐
Formula:
Where,
𝑘𝑛 k is the nth
𝑃= 𝑡h observation
100
n is the total
number of observation
Consider the data set below:

Set B = {48, 39, 57, 32, 28, 63, 51, 54, 36, 23, 15,
19, 43, 39, 25, 37, 50, 35, 44, 45}
 Quartiles
Percentiles
Deciles
 Deciles
Are the scores – points that divide a
distribution into 10 equal parts.
Formula:
Where,
𝑘𝑛 k is the nth
𝐷= 𝑡h observation
10
n is the total
number of observation
 A high school teacher at a small private school assigns trigonometry
practice problems to be worked via the net. Students must use a
password to access the problems and the time of log-in and log-off are
automatically recorded for the teacher. At the end of the week, the
teacher examines the amount of time each student spent working the
assigned problems. The data is provided below in minutes.

15, 28, 25, 48, 22, 43, 49, 34, 22, 33, 27, 25, 22, 20, 39
Given the data below;

34, 45, 34, 37, 38, 39, 50, 45, 46, 47, 48, 46, 49, 39, 41

a. Find the mean, median and mode.

b. Find the five – number summary.
c. Construct the box – and – whisker plot.
d. Solve the and .