MATHEMATICS 10

FOURTH GRADING
LESSON 2
STATISTICS
Introduction:
Statistics plays an important role in our everyday lives. We use statistics in
school, offices, hospitals, banks and many other places. Statistics has wider
applications in research, business, industries and all the sciences. It is a process of
using scientific methods to answer questions that will help us making decisions.
People are exposed in different form of statistics like current events are
made through reports such as opinion polls, stocks averages, unemployment rates
and gross national product (GNP). A measure of position is a method by which the
position that a particular data value have within a given data set can be identified.
Interpretations of data gathered in surveys like the popularity rank of a person use
measures of position.
 Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to:

1. review the measures of central tendency: mean, median and

mode;
2. define the different measures of position;
3. illustrates the following measures of position:
* quartile, decile and percentile;
4. calculate quartile of grouped and ungrouped data with and
without frequency; and
5. appreciate the importance of statistics in real life situation.
MEASURES OF
POSITION
 Lesson 2
QUARTILES FOR
UNGROUPED DATA
QUARTILE is a type of quantile which divides the
number of data points into four parts, or quarters, of
more-or-less equal size. The data must be ordered from
smallest to largest to compute quartiles
 Quartiles for Ungrouped Data
• The first quartile (Q1) is defined as the middle number between the
smallest number and the median of the data set.

• The second quartile (Q2) is the median of the data.

• The third quartile (Q3) is the middle value between the median and the
highest value of the data set.

In applications of statistics such as epidemiology, sociology and finance, the

quartiles of a ranked set of data are the four subsets whose boundaries are
the three quartile points. Thus an individual item might be described as
being “in the upper quartile”.
Formula:

( )
𝑸 𝟏=
𝒏 +𝟏
𝟒
𝒕𝒉 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 1st Quartile / Lower quartile

𝑸 =(
𝟐 )
𝒏 +𝟏
𝟐 𝒕𝒉 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 2nd Quartile / Median

𝑸 𝟑=𝟑
𝒏 +𝟏
𝟒 ( )
𝒕𝒉 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 3rd Quartile / Upper quartile
 Examples:
1. The manager of X company is interested to find out the amount of time
it takes his secretary to write down the minutes of his business
meetings. He started to record the time for 15 consecutive meetings. The
recorded times are given below:

6, 9, 7, 5, 15, 10, 9, 7, 4, 9, 10, 9, 8, 6, 7 (in terms of minutes)

Determine: a. the median time

b. the lower quartile of the given times
c. The upper quartile of the given times.
 6, 9, 7, 5, 15, 10, 9, 7, 4, 9, 10, 9, 8, 6, 7
The number of observations is n = 15. Arrange the data as an array as follows:
 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 15
The median or The lower quartile or The upper quartile or

8th value th
value
th
value
 Interquartile Range

Upper quartile Lower quartile

=9–6
=3
2. The owner of a supermarket recorded the number of customers who came
into his store each day during the first eleven days of the month. The results
were 120, 80, 100, 70, 150, 30, 60, 70, 120, 80, and 90. Find the lower quartile,
the median and upper quartile from the data.
The number of observations is n = 11. Arrange the data as an array as follows:
 30, 60, 70, 70, 80, 80, 90, 100, 120, 120, 150
The lower quartile or The median or The upper quartile or

3rd value th
value th
value
Interquartile Range

= 120 – 70
= 50
3. The following amounts were the daily collections from a Pondong Pinoy
Campaign in a particular school: ₱19, ₱26, ₱25, ₱37, ₱32, ₱28, ₱22, ₱23, ₱29,
₱34, ₱39, and ₱31. Determine the first quartile, second quartile and third
quartile the amount collected.
The number of observations is n = 12. Arrange the data as an array as follows:
 19, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 37, 39
The 1st quartile or The 2nd quartile or The 3rd quartile or

3.25th value th
value value
th

23 + 0.25(25–23) 28 + 0.5(29 – 28) 32+0.75(34-32)

₱23.5 = ₱33.5
Interquartile Range

= ₱33.5 – ₱23.5
= ₱10
4. Compute for the three quartiles and interquartile range for the
given set of data: 61, 60, 76, 67, 69, 62, 69, 58, 76, 52

The number of observations is n = 10. Arrange the data as an array as follows:

 52, 58, 60, 61, 62, 67, 69, 69, 76, 76
The 1st quartile or The 2nd quartile or The 3rd quartile or

2.75th value th
value
58 + 0.75(60-58) 62 + 0.5(67 – 62)
value
th

69 + 0.25(76 – 69)
59.5
= 70.75
Interquartile Range

= 70.75 – 59.5
= 11.25