Qualitative Tests for Elements

in Organic Compounds
Experiments 8
Test #1
• Mix thoroughly 4g of CuO and 2g of glucose in a dry ignition
tube. Clamp the tube to an iron stand and fit a cork with bent
glass into it
• Place 3mL of clear limewater into a test tube and immerse the
open end of the bent tube into it. Heat the mixture in the
ignition tube and bubble the gas into the limewater for a few
minutes.
Test #1
• What is formed in the limewater?
• What is the chemical composition of the precipitate?
• The presence of what element in glucose does it prove?
• Examine the upper end of the ignition tube. What can be
observed?
• What other elements are present in glucose?
Test #2
A. Prepare four dry test tubes as follows:
Tube 1 with 1ml of acetone
Tube 2 with 1ml benzene
Tube 3 with 1ml of ethanol
Tube 4 with 1 ml of kerosene

B. Put a piece of ferrox paper into each tube and observe the color
change in the solution after shaking.
Result: ___________________________
Test #3
• Place a pinch of urea in a small amount of soda lime in a dry test tube
and heat over a small flame. Waft the smoke towards your nose and
note the odor of the fumes. Expose moist red and blue litmus paper
to the fumes and note the color change on the papers.
• How do you describe the odor of the fumes?
• What is the reaction of the fumes with the litmus?
• What gas evolved in the reaction?
• What element is proved present in urea?
Test #4-1
• Heat a copper wire on a Bunsen flame until only an orange color is
imparted on the flame. Cool the wire and dip in chloroform. Reheat
the wire and observe the color imparted on the flame.
• What is the color imparted on the flame?
Test #4-2
• Acidify 1ml of chloroform by adding 1-2 drops of 5% NHO3 and boil
gently for a few minutes. Cool and add drops of 1% AgNO3 solution.
Note the precipitate formed.
• What is the color of the precipitate?
• What is its composition?
• What element is proven to be present in the two tests of #4?
Test #5
• Add 5 drops of 10% NaOH to egg albumin solution (5%) in a test tube,
add two drops of 5% lead acetate solution. Boil over water bath and
observe the precipitate formed.
• What is the color of the precipitate?
• What is its composition?
• What element is present in the egg albumin proven in the test?