LYMPHOCYTES

PRESENTED BY
Musfia Khan (0031)
Esha Yasin (0032)
Iram Anwar (0033)
Emaan Zaheer (0034)
Contents
Introduction

Thymus derived cells

Bone-Marrow derived cells

Primary organ
INTRODUCTION:
• The immune system must be able to distinguish self from non self

• Innate immune system expresses PRRs on the surface of its cells

• Encoded by the germline cells

• Adaptive immune system uses somatically generated epitope-specific

TCRs and BCRs

• No two individuals, even identical twins, have identical adaptive

immune systems
CONT…
Lymphocytes are usually defined by where
they undergo "basic training”

• In the thymus

• In the bone marrow

They are also defined by the type of receptors

they display on their cell surfaces

• TCR

• BCR
THYMUS-DERIVED CELLS:
• T cells arise from hematopoietic stems cells in the bone marrow

• Immature T cells called prothymocytes migrate to the thymus, where, as

thymocytes, they develop TCRs

• They are screened for their ability to distinguish self from nonself

• Thymocytes pass scrutiny

• Survive are able to further differentiate mature to become T cells and

enter the circulation
 CONT…
• T cells show a wide diversity in adaptive
immune function

• They can be identified by the presence of

the CD+3 molecule that is associated
with the TCR on the T-cell surface

• Two other CD molecules are also used to

identify CD3+ T-cell subsets, CD+4 and
CD+8
 CD+4 T-CELLS:
• Also called as “Helper T cells”

• Cells account for approximately two-

thirds of mature CD+3 T cells

• CD+4 molecules displayed on the

surfaces of the T cells

• Recognize a nonpeptide-binding
portion of MHC class II molecules
Plasma cells , Natural killer cells
Presented by: Iram anwar
 Plasma cells
 Derive from terminally differentiated B
cells that both synthesize and secrete
immunoglobulin.
 They cease to use immunoglobulin as a
membrane receptor
 produce large quantities of
immunoglobulin during their short life
span of less than 30 days.
Figure:Plasma cells

 Characterized by basophilic cytoplasm.

Natural killer cells
 constitute 5%-10% of lymphocytes in human
peripheral blood.

 Reflect their ability to kill certain virally infected

cells and tumor cells.

 Develop and mature both in the bone marrow

 NK cells are characteristically large granular

lymphocytes that express neither TCRs nor BCRs.
Conti….
 killer activation receptors (KARs)

 killer inhibition receptors (KIRs)

 Also, natural killer cells produce cytokines that regulate some of the functions of T
cells, B cells, and macrophages.

 Unlike conventional T cells, NKT cells respond to lipids, glycolipids, or hydrophobic

peptides presented by a specialized,

 Non classical MHC class I molecule

 CD1d, and secrete large amounts of cytokines, especially interleukin-4

Figure: Natural killer cells