Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Chapter Five
Digital Subscriber Line Technologies
Introduction to Digital Subscriber Line Technologies
Outline
Introduction
Types of DSL
Brief Review of ADSL
ADSL Speed Factors
ADSL Network Components
ADSL Loop Architecture
Advantages and Disadvantages of ADSL
DSL vs Cable Modem
01/28/2023
Introduction to DSL Technology
01/28/2023
Introduction to DSL Technology Cont’d…….
iii. Availability
The technology used to implement DSL only works over a
limited physical distance. At the maximum, DSL runs about
18,000 feet (3.5 miles or 5.5 kilometers) from a telephone
exchange.
To be eligible for DSL service, the phone line involved must
be "qualified."
The home or business must lie within the distance
limitations of DSL (18,000 feet).
This phone line must also possess sufficient electrical
quality characteristics.
01/28/2023
Introduction to DSL Technology Cont’d…….
iv. Bandwidth
The actual network bandwidth a customer will receive from
DSL in the home depends on the span of their telephone
wiring.
The longer the line, the less bandwidth DSL can support.
Likewise, its thickness (wire gauge) can affect performance.
01/28/2023
Introduction to DSL Technology Cont’d…….
18,000 1,544
16,000 2,048
12,000 6,312
9,000 8,448
01/28/2023
Types of DSL (xDSL)
The different DSL technologies are in short known as xDSL.
xDSL technologies can be grouped into two broad categories.
i. Symmetric DSL: services provide identical data rates
upstream and downstream.
ii. Asymmetric DSL: provides relatively lower rates upstream
but higher rates downstream.
The different xDSL technologies include:
ADSL, G.Lite and RADSL
HDSL, SDSL, and SHDSL
VDSL (VADSL, BDSL)
IDSL
01/28/2023
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
01/28/2023
High Data Rate DSL (HDSL)
01/28/2023
Symmetric DSL (SDSL)
01/28/2023
Symmetric High Data Rate DSL (SHDSL)
01/28/2023
Very High Data Rate DSL (VDSL)
01/28/2023
Very High Data Rate DSL (VDSL) Cont’d…
01/28/2023
ISDN DSL (IDSL)
01/28/2023
Brief Overview of ADSL Technology
ADSL is a form of DSL, a data communications technology
that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone
lines
ADSL is capable of providing up to 50 Mbps, and supports
voice, video and data.
ADSL is the number one broadband choice in the world
with over 60% market share.
ADSL is now available in every region of the world.
Better connection if closer to the provider’s exchange
Faster receiving than sending data
Not available everywhere
01/28/2023
Brief Overview of ADSL Technology Cont‘d....
ADSL is high-speed
connection that uses the
same wires as a regular
telephone line
01/28/2023
ADSL standards
01/28/2023
ADSL Speed Comparison
Pure Fiber
Hybrid Fiber/Copper
FTTH
Enhanced
Copper FTTx,
VDSL2,
ADSL2plus
ADSL
ISDN
Voice band
Modem
01/28/2023
ADSL Range
In general, the maximum range for DSL without a repeater is 5.5
km.
As distance decreases toward the telephone company office, the
data rate increases.
For larger distances, you may be able to have DSL if your phone
company has extended the local loop with optical fiber cable.
Data Rate Wire gauge Wire size Distance
1.5 or 2 Mbps 24 AWG 0.5 mm 5.5 km
1.5 or 2 Mbps 26 AWG 0.4 mm 4.6 km
6.1 Mbps 24 AWG 0.5 mm 3.7 km
1.5 or 2 Mbps 26 AWG 0.4 mm 2.7 km
01/28/2023
ADSL Speed Factors
01/28/2023
ADSL Network Components
01/28/2023
ADSL Loop Architecture
DSL
Voice Switch
ISP
01/28/2023
Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM)
ADSL service provider has an ADSL Access Multiplexer
(DSLAM) to receive customer connections.
DSLAM is a multiplexer at a phone company's central
location that links many customer DSL connections to a single
high-speed ATM line.
xDSL line cards are installed in a DSLAM to terminate
incoming xDSL signals
The DSLAM then combines multiple xDSL access lines into
one high speed line
The multiplexed traffic is converted into ATM cells which gets
sent over an ATM backbone.
01/28/2023
ADSL Requirements
01/28/2023
How ADSL work
ADSL exploits the unused analogue bandwidth available in the
wires
Advantages
Simultaneous Internet and voice/fax capabilities over a single telephone
line
Uninterrupted, high-speed Internet access that's always on-line
Cost-effective solution for society
Data security that exceeds other technologies
Fast download speeds
Disadvantages:
Distance-sensitive
Slower upload speeds
Phone line required
01/28/2023
DSL vs Cable Modem
i. Speed
Cable modem generally wins the speed battle over DSL.
Cable technology can, in theory, achieve networking speeds
of approximately 30 Mbps (using a 100 Mbps NIC)
Most forms of DSL cannot reach 10 Mbps.
01/28/2023
DSL vs Cable Modem
ii. Security
In terms of installation , a cable modem is more easier than
DSL.
In terms of security, DSL is slightly more secure than cable
modem.
Many DSL and cable modem customers choose to purchase
routers to protect their internal systems.
01/28/2023
QUIZ 2
1. Why we need digital subscriber line
technologies? How xDSL service is
achieved over the existing telephone line?
2. What is the difference between
asymmetrical DSL (ADSL) and Symmetrical
DSL?
3. Why we need DSLAM in the central
office?
01/28/2023