Automatic

watering plant
system
 Introduction
Irrigation is an important process in any farming,
and because of this reason, ‘computerization’ first
came into the irrigation system before anything in
agriculture. Plants need water, and there is no
surprise about this fact. But what makes the
difference was the understanding that there is a
specific time when they need it. Irrigating plants
during the peak requirement window ensured a
high return in yield, and this knowledge was the
basis of the automatic watering system.

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 An automatic watering system is
the newest smart home automation
system that takes care of your
plants in your absence. These
devices are great replacements for
people who wish to have a low-
maintenance garden but have little
time to take care of the plants.
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An automatic watering system can
sense how much water is needed and
at what time based on conditions like
the type of soil, temperature,
sunlight etc. Most of the automated
watering systems made for indoor
plants have irrigation timers that can
automatically adjust the watering
cycles and schedules.
 We’ve spent years of research and
application honing our landscaping,
arriving today at an innovative
vertical planting system that
incorporates self-containing
irrigation and drainage. But just
what is irrigation, why is it so
important and how did we arrive at
this solution?

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History of Irrigation
 The earliest known systems of irrigation
originated in Egypt and Mesopotamia in 6,000
B.C. Fighting against the flooding of the Nile
several months each year, ancient civilizations
pioneered a technique to divert flood waters to
nearby crop fields, thereby utilizing excess
flood water for crops that would otherwise be
difficult to grow due to lack of resources.
  Before the Egyptian and Mesopotamian
approaches, primitive irrigation likely
involved laborers carrying buckets of water
from rivers and wells to water their crops.
Increased innovation to control water flow
where desired included innovations such as
irrigation canals, dams, dikes, aqueducts,
and water storage facilities.

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  Nowadays, modern irrigation systems
have evolved to include reservoirs, tanks,
and wells, with reservoirs serving to
collect water from natural sources such as
lakes and rainwater runoff. As our global
agricultural output continues to rise,
irrigation protects against droughts and
famines, ensuring successful and
widespread crop yields.

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 The automatic watering system
classifications:
1. Conventional automation of irrigation system
2. Mechanical timer-based
3. Computer-based watering

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  Conventional automation of irrigation
system in which low tech components like a
clay pot, PVC pipes, porous capsules, etc.
were used to automate the irrigation. In ‘
clay pot and porous capsule irrigation’
water is stored in clay pots and distributed
via PVC pipes which are then discharged
through porous capsules. Another low-tech
automatic watering system includes the
Surge flow and gravitational tank irrigation
system which uses siphon effect and
gravitation for water supply to plants.

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  Mechanical timer-based
They were popular in the mid-’90s until
recently and were still used in some parts of
the world due to low capital cost involved.
In this automatic watering system, a
mechanical timer is employed which can be
coupled with valves that regulate the flow
of water. However, this system can only be
automated for the frequency of watering
and doesn’t take any feedback to adjust the
watering or ratio of fertigation.

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  Computer-based watering-
Capital cost might be high in
this automatic watering
system, but the value for
money and delivery of results
are good with computer-based
watering system. Here the
watering strategy is devised by
the computer depending on
timing, the climatic conditions
like light, temperature etc.

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 Types of computer automatic watering systems:

 Time-based system  Open-loop system

 Volume-based  Closed-loop
system system

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Time-based system
Here, the water discharge depends on an electronic
timer which can be programmed by the operator to
control the water flow rate. In a time-based
watering of plants, the user can predetermine the
water requirement of a crop using algorithms
based on previous observations. Factors like time
of operation, volume of water, and average flow
rate can be adjusted here.
 Volume-based
system
The predetermined amount of water
is dispensed using a set of automatic
volume controller valve. Here also
the calculation is based on an
algorithm from previous trial.

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 Open-loop
system
In this automatic watering system, the operator
has control over the timing and amount of water
to be dispensed which can be pre-set to the
computer. The start of irrigation system is usually
based on a timer or clock, whereas the cut off can
either be based on volume of water or time.

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 Closed-loop system
A closed-loop system is a more
sophisticated one in which the operator
once defined a strategy the general working
will be taken care by a system based on a
set of feedback provided by the sensors
installed on the field but at this moment
most of such systems can take to account
limited factors.

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 THANKS
!
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