BASIC GAD

CONCEPTS
John CarloSpeaker
B. Mendeja
ACTIVITY
(Havey or Waley)
If the father do the household
work, he is considered as
“under the saya”
 Men are better leaders and
administrators than women.
It is the woman’s fault if she is
being harassed sexually when
she is wearing skimpy clothing.
The mother should be the only
one responsible for child-
bearing and parenting.
It is not proper for a girl to
say “I love you” first to a
boy.
KONSEPTO NG SEX,
GENDER, AT NG
SOGIE Gender
(Sexual Orientation,
Identity and Expression)
 SEX
Biyolohikal, pisyolohikal na
katangian na nagtatakda ng
pagkakaiba-iba ng babae at
lalaki
LALAKI - May testes
the male provides the sperm that fertilizes it

VAGINA - May Vagina o Ovary

the female produces the egg cell, or ovum
 GENDER
Panlipunang gampanin, kilos
at gawain na itinatakda ng
lipunan para sa mga babae
at lalaki
SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GENDER AND
SEX
SEX GENDER
Biologically determined Constructed by society

Multi-faceted differs within and

Universal for all human beings
between cultures

Unchanging Dynamic, changes over time

Inborn Acquired
ATTRIBUTES OF SEX AND
GENDER

SEX GENDER
Maleness Masculinity

Femaleness Femininity
 SOGIE

SEXUAL GENDER EXPRESSIO

ORENTATION IDENTITY N
 SEX, GENDER &
More..

SEX
 SEXUAL
ORIENTATION

ORIENTATION
 SEXUAL ORIENTATION
Mga Halimbawa:
Homosexual - atraksyon sa kapareho ng
Heterosexual - atraksyon sa kasarian.
opposite sex
Asexual - hindi nagkakagusto sa kahit anong kasarian
Bisexual - atraksyon sa parehong lalaki at babae.
Pansexual - nagkakagusto sa kahit na sino o kahit kanino regardless of gender.
Omni sexual - Nagkakagusto sa lahat ng uri ng gender (lalaki, babae, bading, tomboy, asexual,
transgender atbp.
Sapio sexual - atraksyon sa mga matatalino
Demi sexual - atraksyon sa tao kung saan siya ay may strong emotional connection.

GYNOSEXUAL, OBJECTUMSEXUAL, ANDROGYNOSEXUAL,

ANDROSEXUAL, GRAYSEXUAL, CUPIOSEXUAL ETC.
GENDER IDENTITY
IDENTITY
 GENDER IDENTITY
Nararamdaman o pinaniniwalaang kasarian ng isang tao
maging ito ay akma o hindi sa kanyang seksuwalidad.

Ang indibidwal ang may tanging karapatan ng kanyang

sariling gender identity, ito ay nag e-evolve at patuloy
na dumarami ang uri
 GENDER IDENTITY
Gay o Bading
Lesbian o Tomboy
Transgender – nararamdaman na sila ay nabubuhay sa maling katawan
Queer – Wala silang kasiguraduhan sa kanilang kasarian
Questioning – nasa proseso ng pagtuklas ng kanyang oryentasyong sekswal
o pagkakakilanlang pangkasarian
Agender – walang tinuturing na gender
Bigender- may dalawang gender
Boi – may katangiang boyish
DEMIGENDER, POLYGENDER, TRIGENDER,
INTERQUEER, ETC
LGBTQIA + COMMUNITY
EXPRESSION

EXPRESSION
Paggalang sa
Pagkakaiba

Empathy &
Sympathy
IS GENDER ROLE
INBORN?
 GENDER ROLE IS
LEARNED
“Gender role is the behaviors, attitudes
values, beliefs and so on that a particular
cultural group considers appropriate for males
and females on the basis of their biological sex.
Gender ROLES and EXPECTATIONS are
learned.”
 FEMININE MASCULIN
E
perception Weak, emotional, Strong, rational,
secondary, can’t primary, can’t
think feel

roles No hard work, Hard work,

no leadership, leader, boss,
not a boss, no care-giving
no decision-making
expectations Stay at home, just Don’t make women do
obey, don’t assert, hard work, always be
don’t participate smart, get the best,
in deciding don’t cry
 Thus gender roles, expectations &
perceptions box men & women into
situations that constraints their
Capacity TO DO : ability or power
Capacity TO BE : a right and opportunity
 SITUATIONS WHERE WE SEE
GENDER DIFFERENCES
SOCIAL – Different perceptions of
women’s and men’s social roles
 The man seen as head of the household
and chief bread-winner who deals with
the public sphere
 The woman seen as nurturer and care-
giver who deals with the private sphere
 SITUATIONS WHERE WE SEE
GENDER DIFFERENCES
POLITICAL – Differences in the ways in
which women and men assume/share power
and authority
 Men more involved in national/higher level;
Women involved at the local level linked to
their domestic roles
 Men use violence and weapons as tools to
further their own power; Women do not have
access to such tools & are often the victims
 SITUATIONS WHERE WE SEE
GENDER DIFFERENCES
ECONOMIC – Differences in women’s
and men’s access to:
 Lucrative careers & control of financial and
other productive resources
All over the world men tend to earn more than
women. Women often underrepresented in senior
positions within firms. Women are often
overrepresented in low-paying jobs.
 Land Ownership
In many countries men are more likely to own land
and control productive assets than women.
 SITUATIONS WHERE WE SEE
GENDER DIFFERENCES
EDUCATIONAL – Differences in
educational opportunities & expectations of girls
and boys resources directed to boy’s rather
 Family
than girl’s education
 Girls streamed to less-challenging
academic tracks
 Manifestations of Gender Bias
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Acts of instilling fear and inflicting pain with
the aim to injure or abuse a person, usually
women.
It may be verbal, psychological or physical in
nature.
Jokes, wolf-whistles
Peeking, 'chancing' or making sexual
passes
Sexual harassment
Domestic violence
Rape
Prostitution
Commodification- the act of treating
women as a commodity or object, not as
a person
 Manifestations of Gender Bias
MARGINALIZATION (ECONOMIC)
 The process which forces women out
Under or non-valuation/recognition of women's
work
Women have less access to and control over
resources and benefits
Unequal pay for work of equal value

last to be hired, first to be fired

limited opportunities
exacting sexual favors
 Manifestations of Gender Bias
SUBORDINATION
 One sex is inferior to the other; gender
subordination is the institutionalized
domination by men of women
Position - very few women in politics
and top positions
Status - weaker sex
Decision-making - women are not
included in planning and decision-
making processes
Process of socialization
 WOMEN MEN
Weak Strong
Oppressed Dominating
Followers Leaders
Second Class Always on Top
Owned Owner
 Manifestations of Gender Bias
GENDER STEREOTYPING
 The process of attributing a set of
characteristics, roles and traits, favorable or
unfavorable to all members of a social group
based on sex.
Child rearing
Religion
Occupation
Education
Language
Behavior
 Manifestations of Gender Bias
MULTIPLE BURDEN
Involvement in the three spheres of work:
reproductive, productive and community
work
Parenting
Housework
Community Work
Work in the public
sphere/informal sector
WHO
PERPETUATES FAMILY
GENDER
BIASES? SCHOOL In the family,
throughout
LANGUAGE childhood and
adolescence,
CHURCH parents orient their
children about
MEDIA acceptable gender
roles and
WORKPLACE standards
WHO
PERPETUATES FAMILY
GENDER
BIASES? SCHOOL
The school
LANGUAGE further widens
the
CHURCH differentiation
between boys
MEDIA
and girls
WORKPLACE
WHO
PERPETUATES FAMILY
GENDER
BIASES? SCHOOL
The use of
LANGUAGE sexist term – no
matter how
CHURCH
subtle, is the
MEDIA most pervasive
institution of
WORKPLACE socialization
WHO
PERPETUATES FAMILY
GENDER
BIASES? SCHOOL

LANGUAGE Religious teachings

that depict women as
Martyrs, Self –
CHURCH Sacrificing and
reinforcing the belief
MEDIA that women’s place is
in the home & to be a
good mother and wife
WORKPLACE
WHO
PERPETUATES FAMILY
GENDER
BIASES? SCHOOL

LANGUAGE The Tri- Media do not

usually portray women
in all her diverse roles,
CHURCH thus their images tend
to emphasize her
MEDIA physical appearance
rather than her ability
WORKPLACE
WHO
PERPETUATES FAMILY
GENDER BIASES???
SCHOOL Women are few and far
between managerial
and policy-making
LANGUAGE positions. Majority of
them are in the
CHURCH informal sector where
the minimum wage
MEDIA law rarely applies and
there is hardly any
social security
WORKPLACE protection
What should we do?
Promote Gender Equality
Violence Against Women
Freedom from violence
Freedom from harassment
Effects on personhood
Personhood development/self-
esteem
Control over one's body
MARGINALIZATION

Equal pay for work of equal value

Economic independence
Economic Opportunities
SUBORDINATION

Quality participation in decision-

making
Recognition of capabilities
GENDER STEREOTYPING

Liberation from stereotyped

images
Non-sexist child-rearing
Non-sexist language
MULTIPLE BURDEN
Gender Division of Labor: the
assignment of tasks and roles to
men and women on account sex
shared parenting
shared housework
shared breadwinning
 Different forms of Violence
Physical Sexual
Using coercion and threats Using intimidation
Using economic abuse Using emotional abuse
Using male privilege Using isolation
Using children Minimizing,
Denying and
Blaming
 Non-Violence
Negotiation and Fairness
Economic Partnership
Shared Responsibility
Responsible Parenting
Non-Threatening Behavior
Respect
Trust and Support
Honesty and Accountability
 “Gender equality is not a
woman’s issue, it is a human
issue. It affects us all.”
Thank you
for
listening!