17 TH

CENTURY

NAME-SHIVANI KANAUJIYA
ENROLLMENT NO- 180492
SUBJECT- EVOLUTION OF
SPACE 2
BATCH- 1ST
YEAR- 2018- 2022

INTRODUCTION
• The 17th century was an age of great wealth &
Empire, building. Empitomized by a struggle for a power
through trade, warfare and the creation of politicial
alliances.
• Spain , portugal and germany were strongly, influenced
by a Baroque style, but in northern countries, such as
low countries & england, the style was quieter & more
restrained.
• At the beginning of century, Italian Baroque style was
dominate in much of Europe.
• Baroque furniture was designed on a grand scale &
intended to impress.
• An antury progressed, trade especially with fartest
provided furniture makers with a wealth of exotic new
materials including tortoiseshell mother of pearl, ebony
& rosewood, lacquerware, canework.
• Pieces were in architectural form, with dramatically.
THE AGE OF CABINETS
• The cabinets or cabinetson stand became a real object of
desire in households who were wealthy.
•  Three japenese & chinese lacque work was difficult
The 17th century also know as the age of cabinet.
CHINOISERIE
• ORMOLU MOUNTS:
during the 17th century, chinese motifs like porcelain
vases &bowls appeared in instances of still life
paintings.
ELEMENTS OF STYLE:
• Carved chair:-
 Curved chairs with carving at back and cushioned seat.
• Glit gesso:
 This technique was used in to decorate mirror, chests,
table.
 Once the gesso had hardened the design recarved and
gilded.
 It is originating in Italy.
• TURNED WOOD:
 Turning involves the use of a lathe, introduced in
Europe in the 16th century. The piece of wood is spun
while being held in the lathe, and a knife or shaped
cutting tool is held against it as it turns, resulting in
symmetrically curved forms. Typical turned products
are elaborate spindles used in stair railings, or the
rounded spindle and legs of furniture such as a
Windsor chair, and wooden bowls.
• VERRE EGLOMISE
 This technique imitated the sumptuous effects of gilded
glass, was often used to decorate mirrors.
 The design was actually painted on the underside of
glass.
 The glass was prepared using the base egg white, water
& gilded.
• MARQUERTY
It is a method of cutting thin sheet of different coloured
woods and cutting shapes from them to inlay a design on
wooden surface.
17th Century
• SILVER FURNITURE
 Silver sheets were applied on wooden furniture to
give look of silver
• PIETRA DURA
 It  is a term for the inlay technique of using cut and
fitted, highly polished colored stones to create
images. It is considered a decorative art.
• DROP RING HANDLE
  Cabriole legs were often decorated with Rococo living.
The brass drawer pull in typical of the type found
on 17th century furniture.
 Brass was popular for all furniture detailing at all
time.
EMBLEM OF LOUIS XIV
This motifs was used to decorate many piece of furniture
&architectural features used at the court.
JAPANNING:
 The process of japanning used layers of varnish or
shellac to imitate the oriental lacquer work that was
converted during the 17th century.
&very expensive to obtain.
• It is meaning ground Gold.
TAPESTRY:
 Europe used for their decorations of houses &
palaces, using them both to cover walls & to
upholster chairs.
 Woven with wool & silk or linen, they were usually
poctorial in design.
BOULLE WORK
• This form of marquetry is named after the French
cabinet maker Ander charles Boulle who was
arguably its finest exponent.
• Boulle work combines materials like an intricate
jigsaw using materials, such as brass, ebonized ,
wood , ivory & tortoieshell to create the effect of a
painting in marquetry.
• Brass on a tortoiseshell ground is a popular
combination.
• It is a carved wood.
ITALY
• The saint peter’ s church, also called St.peter’s
Basilica is alate Renaissance church within vatican
city. It is Europe’s largest christian church.
• It is the second church to stand to stand above the
crypt (tomb) believed to hold the body of saint peter,
the first pope.
• St. peter’s is built in the shape of a cross
GRAND FURNITURE
• Grand beds
• Vernacular style
 Much venetian furniture was bright, painted or
decorated with lacquer, silver or glit and ornately
carved.
 Venice design was the embodiment of the effusive
Rococo style.
• Gilded frame
 This pine table is gilded and silvered.
 The table has an interlaced stretcher with a central
carved cartouche, and the legs terminate in stylized
hoof feet.
• Walnut armorial cassanse
• Andrea brustolon (chair)
•
Cabinet (florentine)
. LOW COUNTRIES
• Netherlands, portugals belgium are the part of low
countries.
• Cabinets on stand (oak venured in amsterdam)
• Gilt Wood pier table & mirror.
• Doll’s house:
 This doll house was commissioned by petronella
obastman, a very wealthy woman from Amttudam.
 Ordered porcelain object from chain.
 Casting as much as townhouse along the condition
was not a toy for childern.
• Dutch oak & marquerty table.
GERMANY
 In this travelling cabinets were used when king goes
for wars they carry there cabinets with them.
 Had drawers, lockers, locked doors with 3D
paintings and have gilled frames.
SPAIN A ND PROTUGALS (IBARIAN)
 In this virgino is form Ibarian twins and tapestry
and upholstery were done on furniture.
FRANCE
 Decorative upholster armed chair were there in
France.
 Ivory –venered cabinets on stands.
 Louis xiv- gilt wood canopy , bed room, tapestry
work.
 Bureau plate- boulle work, boulle marquertry (boulle
commode).
ENGLAND
 In this high bacjed side chairs and hall chairs were
used.
 Japenese lacquer work for a huge decorative objects
and had bureau book case.
INTRODUCTION TO FRENCH
GROWTH
These styles are often associated with the
regins of Louis XII, XIV , XV, XVI the french
revolution and nepoleon.
 LOUIS- XII
 LOUIS- XIV
 REGENCE
 ROCOCO
 NEO CLASSICAL
 EMPIRE STYLE
LATE RENNAISSANCE-(1589-1642)
Characteristics
 Italian &flemish influence.
 Furniture was large and upright.
 Walnut, oak and ebony were woods used.
 Gilded bronze and marquetry were used.
 Spiral turings, burn feet &flemish feet were
typical.
BAROQUE (1643-1700)
Characteristics
 Corresponds to the regin of louis XIV.
 Furniture was massive, rectangular, square
legs and heavy.
 Used moulding, carving & marquetry.
 Used ormolu and boulle work.
REGENCE(1700-1730)
characteristics
 Later portion of the region of louis XIV.
 More curver &lighter.
 Introduce the cabriole legs.
 Lighter woods &carved motifs were used.
FRANCE
ROCOCO (1730-17600)
Characteristics
 During the regin of Louis XV. Intimacy&
romance replaced the Baroque style.
 Furniture was scaled down to human
proportion.
 Cabriole legs took on a more elaborate form.
 Ornamentation based on shape of shells,
foliage & musical instruments.
 Marble or leather table tops were common.
NEOCLASSIC (1760-1789)
Characteristics
 Established just a few years before the regin
of Louis XVI.
 The trend was simplicity, returning to
straight line & symmetry.
 Cabriole legs became loss curved & straight,
tapered legs with fluting & grooving were
popular.
DIRECTOIRE (1789-1804)
Characteristics
 This governmental body ruled france for a
short-time after the french Revolution.
 Graceful lines remained.
 Motifs used included military &
agricultural forms, such as arrows, spears,
stars & wheat.
EMPIRE (1804-1820)
Characteristics
 Napoleon’s ruling period.
 Furniture was masculine & had geometric
shapes.
 Absolute symmetry & heavy, solid
proportions.
 Less carving & marquetry were used.
 Ornamentation was mainly Bronze &
ormolu.
 At the end of this period mass production
was started due to the industrial
revolution.
LOUIS XIV STYLE
Characteristics
 The furniture was symmetrical ( well
balanced), heavy, highly masculive,
imposing in appearance & decorative.
 Straight lines dominated & restained
curves were employed to land form
dfignity.
 Furniture was floridly decorated with
elaborate carving & intricate mirror
arrangements.
 Carving employed animals forms,
mythology, garlands of fruits & flowers
motifs of ancient rome, small heads,
trophies, wreaths & above all the sun.
 Marquetry & vaneering using pine,
walnut & ebony became increasingly
popular together with bronze applique.
 A new inlay technique using tortoise
shell, pewter & brass was developed by
Andre charles Boulle & came to be know
as Boulle work.
 Painting was back in fashion.
 Gilded wood furniture replaced the silver
& gold ones due to their prohibitive cost
varnishing was perfected.
 Use of stretchers as reinforcement on
tables & chairs continued in form of an H
or a curved x.
 Furniture generally had tapering, narrow
footed, barelysugar columns.
 Comforts luxury were the essential
indispensable features of this period.
BEDS
 One of the most important item of
furniture as royalty & eminent persons
tended to deal withafairs of state from
their bed sides. Beds itself was plain &
simple structures with nothing
particularly distinctive about it, it’s
draperies on the other hand were
particularly splendid.
 The luxury & magnificence of
Renaissance beds was thus continued
with canopies, curtains of sumptuous
cloth, & all manners of draper &
flounces.
 The beds linen itself was of exquisite
quality from the softest velvet to the
finest damasks & silks from china.
 Duchess bed was a special type with no
column.
CHAIRS & SOFAS
BERGERE
 a bergere is an enclosed upholstered
french armrestes on upholstered frames.
 The seat frame is over holstered, but the
rest of he wooden framing is exposed, it
may be moulded or carved and of beech,
painted or gilded or of fruitwood,
walnut or mahogany with a waxed
finish.
 Padded elbowrest may stand upon the
armrests.
 It is fitted with a loose, but tailored, seat
cushion.
BOUELLE CHAIR
SOFA SETTEES
TABLES
 The new Louis XIV style table showed a
wide variety of shapes & details.
 Most of them had tapering legs &lower
cross piece, with marble tops on a
sculpted base.
LOW ARMOIRES/ CHEST
 The originate and heavy chests of Louis
XII gradually disappeared were replaced
by a new item of furniture, the
commode, which had a column of
drawers.
 The chest were massive an geometric,
sometimes with columns and pediments
and panels of wood with carved
decorative elements in diamonds and
other geometric, shapes.
 They were often of dark wood, which
made them sombre.
REGENCE STYLE
 The transitional period b/w Baroque
& Rococo is termed regence.
 The pomp & ceremony of Louis XIV
was gradually replaced by lighter,
smaller, more delicately designed
pieces.
 Furniture was getting elegant in a
feminine way.
 Now the massive grandeul of louis
XIV relaxed into softer outlines.
LOUIS XV
 An interesting features known as
Rocaille, consisting of Assymetrical
set in kidney or shell shaped.
 Pastel colour on the wall.
 Paintings had floral effect.
 Parque flooring .
 The use of Aubussion rugs a type
made of tapestry weave at
Aubussion, france and savonnerie
rugs were features of Louis XV room.
 The dwellings of noble and rich
generally had wall panels of curved
wood, unpanelled walls were
sometimes painted in pastels.
NEOCLASSICAL
 The golden period of french
furniture archeologist excavating
pompeii and herculaneum
uncovered remains of geco roman
furniture.
 Furniture were embraced the bold,
straight lines of the movement as
pure, geometric shape and form
replaced the sinuous curves of the
Rococo period.
 The legs were fluted or reeded
columns, Quadrangular or round,
tapered, imitating a quiver arrows.
DIRECTOIRE AND EMIRE
STYLE
 Essentialy a continuation of the
classification of the Louis XVI style
with the addition of revolutionery
motifs: symbols of liberty, triumphal
arches, liberty caps, spirit
levels,pikes, aok, boughs, clasped
bands.
 Egyptians motifs were also
introduced as well as martial Roman
elements like spearheads, drum
servings as stool, etc.
 Furniture became more angular,
servere, marquetry was replaced by
a large surfaces of painted and
waxed wood.