Understanding the

School as an
Organization

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2
 PAKBET HALU- PAELLA LASAGNA PANSIT
HALO CANTON
Bagoong Monggo Kanin Olive oil Egg noodles
Talong Yelo Saffron Onion Carrots
Okra Gatas Hipon Green Bell Cabbage
pepper
Kalabasa Saging Crabs Cloves Garlic Celery
Sitaw Kamote Chicken Tomato sauce Chicken Liver
Ampalaya Langka Bell Pepper White vinegar Baguio Beans
Baboy Ube Squid Dry lasagna Calamansi
noodles
Garlic Sago Tahong Cheese Chicharo
Kamatis Pinipig Chorizo de Italian Toyo
Bilbao Seasoning
Mantika Ice Cream Sea Salt Ground beef Pork
| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2
| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2
 What are you
learning about
yourself as a
principal?

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

 Learning Objectives
1. Identify the different school systems and
processes that a school head should manage;
2. Apply principles of organization design in
analyzing and improving school systems and
processes;
3. Learn and apply McKinsey's 7S framework in
identifying priority areas for school improvement; and
4. Conduct a SWOT analysis.

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

 MODULE 2 JOURNEY Desired School

Yrs 2020-2021
*SBM
Assessment SBM
Results , CI Practice L4
*SWOT, E- SIP Year 2019
Current School
PESTL & 7S SBM
Analyses Practice L3 on e rs
Year 2018 a ti
o ld
ic
SBM un keh
m a
om St
Practice L2 p / C
nal
hi r
Year 2017 rs te
rtn
e
Ex
SBM Pa l&
Practice L1 n a
ter
Year 2016
h In
t
wi
| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2
 My Ideal School

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

What is an Organization?
“Organization may be defined
as a GROUP of individuals,
large of small, that is
cooperating under the
direction of executive
leadership in accomplishment
of certain common objects.”
(Keith Davis)
What is an Organization?
“An organization is a system of
consciously coordinated activities.
A leader’s role is to create a an
atmosphere where there is
coherence between values and
purpose.” (Chester Barnard, 1968.
Management Theorist)

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

What is an Organization?

"Organization is the process of

identifying and grouping the work to
be performed, defining and delegating
responsibility and authority, and
establishing relationships for the
purpose of enabling people to work
most effectively together in
accomplishing objectives. “ (Louis A.
Allen)

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

Public Organization
Organizations that carry out tasks in
behalf of society.
1.Have leaders elected by popular vote.
2.Balances different interests in a way that
pleases everyone.
3.Do not operate from a free and
competitive market.
Christensen, Laegreid,Roness, and Rovik. Organization Theory
and the Public Sector:
Instrument, culture and myth (Routledge, 2007)

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

 What is Organizational Structure?
-Defines the scope of acceptable behavior within
an organization, its lines of authority and
accountability, and to some extent, the
organization’s relationship with its external
environment
-Shows the pattern or arrangement of jobs and
groups of jobs within organization and yet it is
more than an organization chart
-Pertains to both reporting and operational
relationships.

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

 What is Organization Design?

-the process of aligning an organization's structure

with its mission.
-looking at the complex relationship between tasks,
workflow, responsibility and authority, and making sure
these all support the objectives of the business.

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

 Organization Design Principles

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

 My School in 2019
Think about your own school. How would you like
it to be in 3 to 5 years time? (realistic and specific)
What area/s would you like to see? What
programs you would like to have? etc.
What are values you would like to see in
practice?
How is the environment?
How is your relationship with your stakeholders?
What are your strategies for your learners?
How many teachers you would like to have?
How is the performance of your teachers?
The 7-S model can be used in a wide
variety of situations where an alignment
perspective is useful, for example, to help
you:

•Improve the performance of a company.

•Examine the likely effects of future
changes within a company.
•Align departments and processes during
a merger or acquisition.
•Determine how best to implement a
proposed strategy.

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

 Organization

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

Organization
Strategy: the plan devised to maintain and
build competitive advantage over the
competition.

Structure: the way the organization is

structured and who reports to whom.

Systems: the daily activities and procedures

that staff members engage in to get the job
done.

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

Organization
Shared Values: the core values of the
organization observed in their culture and
the general work ethic.

Style: the style of leadership adopted.

Staff: the employees and their general

capabilities.

Skills: skills and competencies of the

employees in that organization

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

 McKinsey 7S
Objectives
SBM
SIP
Decentralized

Formal/Informal
Technical Skills; Teaching/Non-teaching
Leadership; conflict Physical Structure
Management;
Partnering
STEM

Policies and
Procedures
(Communication;
Empowering Escalation; finance)
Consulting Technology
Collaborative
Coaching Vision,
Number of teachers Learner-
Roles Centered
Age, Education, Mission, Values
Experience

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

 Organizational Alignment

The 7S of an organization
are interdependent.

They must fit together for the
organization to be effective.

The best way to organize
and manage people depends
on the nature of the situation.

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

 SWOT ANALYSIS
S.W.O.T. is an
acronym for Strengths,
Weaknesses,
Opportunities and
Threats.

The SWOT Analysis is

an approach used to
diagnose the current
state of an
organization.
Sample SWOT ANALYSIS
 Guidelines
• Be realistic and rigorous in filling up the SWOT.
• Use the information from the SWOT in planning
for your school improvement programs.
• Action steps should be to:
– Focus on Strengths
– Improve Weaknesses
– Minimize Threats
– Take Advantage of Opportunities
 Key Questions
I I
N N
T T
E E
R R
N N
A A
L Strengths Weaknesses L

E
X
Opportunities Threats E
X
T T
E E
R
N
A
PESTLE R
N
A
L L
 PESTLE Analysis
 Political, Economic, Socio-cultural ,
Technological, Legal, Environmental issues that
affect the strategic development of an
organization
 useful way of summarizing the external
environment in which businesses and organizations
operate
 must be followed up by consideration of how an
organization or business responds to these
influences
 POLITICAL/ LEGAL
What changes are happening in
government or region?
Who are the most likely contenders
for power? What are their views on
business /education policy, and on
other policies that affect your
organization?
How widespread are corruption and
organized crime? How are these
situations likely to change, and how is
this likely to affect you?
Could any pending legislation or
taxation changes affect your business,
either positively or negatively?
How will business regulation, along
with any planned changes to it, affect
your business? And is there a trend
towards regulation or deregulation?
How does government approach
corporate policy, corporate social
responsibility, environmental issues,
and customer/child protection
legislation? What impact does this
have, and is it likely to change?
What is the likely timescale of
proposed legislative changes?
Are there any other political factors
that are likely to change?
 ECONOMIC/ENVIRONMENTAL
How stable is the current
economy in the region? Is it
growing, stagnating, or declining?
Are customers’ (parents/LGU
officials, NGOs, etc) levels of
disposable income rising or falling?
How is this likely to change in the
next few years?
What is the unemployment rate?
Will it be easy to look for skilled
workforce? Or will it be expensive
to hire skilled labor?
What are the current
businesses/establishments in the
locality?
Are there any other economic
factors that you should consider?
What infrastructure (buildings,
roads, transport systems, etc) are
being planned in the next few
years? How can this impact your
organization?
 SOCIO-CULTURAL
What is the population's growth rate
and age profile? How is this likely to
change?
Are generational shifts in attitude
about education likely to affect what
you're doing?
What are your society's levels of
health, education, and social mobility?
How are these changing, and what
impact does this have?
What employment patterns, job
market trends, and attitudes toward
work can you observe in your locality?
Are these different for different age
groups?
What social attitudes and social
taboos could affect your organization?
Have there been recent socio-cultural
changes that might affect this?
How do religious beliefs and lifestyle
choices affect the population?
Are any other socio-cultural factors
likely to drive change for your
organization?
How are the IPs, marginalized
sectors in society, etc. affecting your
organization?
 TECHNOLOGICAL
Are there any new technologies that In which areas do governments
you could be using? and educational institutions focus
their technological investments? Is
Are there any new technologies on there anything you can do to take
the horizon that could radically affect advantage of this?
your work or your organization? (WiFi
connectivity,telecommunication
systems) Are there any other technological
factors that you should consider?
Do any of your competitors have
access to new technologies that could
redefine their school?
 APPLICATION

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

Review your SBM Assessment Ratings Results.
Based from your SBM rating, create your own SWOT
analysis using the 7S as your filter.

From your SWOT, which of these areas that you need

to prioritize and work on.

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2

| School Heads’ Development Program: FOUNDATIONAL COURSE | MODULE 2