Title:

What effect do rocks,

climate and weathering
have upon our landscape?

In this lesson you will:

explain how geology,
climate and weathering
shape landscapes Literacy words:
Mechanical weathering
Chemical weathering
Biological weathering
Freeze-thaw weathering
Complete part 1
of your
worksheet
Why are these
rocks here?
What type of
rock might they
Where is be?
this?
 What do you think
What are might happen to these
these cliffs buildings?
made of?

Where is this?
How does the weather affect the
landscape?
How would
you describe
the UK’s
climate?

How does the

climate link to
the landscape
of the UK?
What pattern is
shown on this
map?
How does this
affect the
landscape?
Part 2 on your worksheet…
How does this affect the landscape?
• Uplands are most likely to experience both high
rainfall and freezing temperatures, so weathering is
most likely to occur there.
• Areas with higher rainfall are more likely to have
more water in rivers, so more erosion occurs there.
• Higher rainfall is likely to cause more rockfalls and
landslips.
 The impact of climate and weather upon the UK
landscape.
Read pages 80-81, and answer questions 5-8 on the
worksheet (part 3). When you have finished that, try
the following challenges (using p81). Start with
bronze…

• Bronze: Answer questions 1 & 2.

• Silver: Complete questions 4 & 5.
• Gold: Complete the practice question.
Explain how the geology of the UK gives
rise to distinctive landscapes. Refer to one
or more named rock types. [6 marks]

Rock
hardness?

Upland vs
lowland?

Mountains
vs flat land?
Explain how the geology of the UK gives rise to distinctive landscapes.
Refer to one or more named rock types. [6 marks]

• The UK has a range of rock types or geology that gives rise to varied
landscapes. Rocks can be classified into three groups – igneous,
metamorphic and sedimentary. Generally, igneous and metamorphic
rocks are found in the north and west of the UK, particularly in
Scotland and Wales.
• Most sedimentary rocks are found in England, becoming younger the
further south and east you go.
• Two contrasting rocks found in the UK are granite and chalk. Granite
is a hard, igneous rock that often forms mountainous upland
landscapes because it is slow to erode. It is also impermeable, so
water features like lakes are formed on the surface. Chalk is a softer,
sedimentary rock that often forms rolling lowland landscapes because
it is easier to erode. It is permeable, so water drains through the rock
and does not form water features on the surface.

30/01/2023
Title: Shaping Landscapes
Explain how glaciation has affected the landscape of the UK
 Refer to areas which were covered by glaciers
(e.g. the Lake District)
 Refer to areas which were not covered by glaciers
(e.g. the South Downs)
 Use the words in the grid below to help you
 Use page 77 of the textbook
 You can draw diagrams if you want

U-shaped mountain peaks periglacial permafrost

valley
river impermeable percolated dry valley
During the last ice age glaciers covered the northern parts of Britain,
including Scotland, Wales, and the Lake District.

Glaciers carved huge, U-shaped valleys and eroded steep mountain

peaks and ridges in areas such as the Lake District.

Areas not covered by glaciers were also affected by periglacial

conditions, such as the South Downs. Water below the ground was
frozen (permafrost). This made the ground impermeable. Rivers
flowed over the ground eroding valleys in the chalk rock.

When the permafrost melted, water percolated down into the chalk. The
rivers are no longer visible and instead we can see dry valleys in areas
such as the South Downs.
What is (or was)
the main agent
shaping these
landscapes?
 How is the landscape shaped?
• Erosion – Wears away the land and removes broken
fragments of rock.
• Transportation – Carries away the eroded material.
• Deposition – Leaves transported material behind,
building up new land.

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 Photo Analysis
What evidence can
you find for erosion,
transportation and
deposition?

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 Processes of erosion

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 Processes of erosion
• Abrasion - Waves transport material which hit the
cliff and gradually wear it away.
• Hydraulic action - As waves approach the coast
they trap air and force it into gaps in the cliff.
Eventually this weakens the rock.
• Attrition - Waves cause the rocks to crash against
each other, breaking them down into smaller and
rounder pieces.
• Solution – Salts and acids in seawater dissolve the
rock gradually over thousands of years.

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 Processes of transportation

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 SUSPENSION
SOLUTION

SALTATION
TRACTION
 Your Task:
Complete the notes sheet by
adding diagrams and annotations
to show the processes of erosion
and transportation.

30/01/2023
Shaping Landscapes: Mass movement

Using Figure F,
explain how the
following factors
contribute to a
landslide:
a) Rainfall
b) Weathering
c) Erosion