LIBRARY STUDY

Submitted By
Dipayan D
N.Jordan.S
Priyanshu.S
Utakars.A
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 Diagnostic Imaging describes various techniques of viewing the inside of the body to help figure out the causes
of an illness or injury and confirm a diagnosis. Diagnostic Imaging techniques include X-rays, Computed
Tomography (CT) scans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Ultrasound and Positron Emission Tomography
(PET) scans.

Diagnostic Imaging departments are located on the Ground Floor of the hospital. This is due to the fact that :

● Major parts of the department may not have major need or access to natural daylight.
● The weight of imaging equipment and film files and desired adjacencies to other departments frequently
located on the lower levels (such as the emergency department and the outpatient department) are some of
the reasons that make this ground floor location necessary.

Adjacencies required for a Centralized Diagnostic Imaging department include :

1. Outpatient registration and clinic areas
2. The emergency department
3. The surgical suite
4. Nursing units

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Hospital Library Study Contents
 The layout of Diagnostic Imaging Department comprises of the following Activity Zones :
1. Patient zone, where waiting and patient preparation occurs.
2. Examination zone, where the primary activity of imaging examination occurs.
3. Central image-processing zone, where the three functions of image handling occurs.
4. Personnel zone, where staff offices and support spaces are located. 5. Long-term file zone, where inactive files are
stored

Safety Considerations :
PUBLIC :
● Department should be away from main traffic.
● Good brick or concrete wall 1.5 ft thick should be used.
● Lead covering 1.5 mm thick on wall.
● Hazards signs & restricted area should be demarcated.
● Radiation warning board or light in yellow colour.
STAFF :
● Distance between control panel and unit should be minimum 3 mts.
● Radio protection aprons, lead gloves and mask should be used.
● Use of radiation monitoring devices TLD badges/ films. Via CBAHI Standards

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 PHARMACY
Hospital pharmacy is the health care service, which comprises the art, practice, and profession of choosing, preparing,
storing, compounding, and dispensing medicines and medical devices, advising patients, doctors, nurses and other
healthcare professionals on their safe, effective and efficient use.

● The dispensary should be located in an area conveniently accessible from all clinics.

● The dispensary and compounding room should have multiple dispensing windows, compounding counters and shelves.
The pattern of arranging the counters and shelves shall depend on the size of the room

The dispensary should be located in an area conveniently accessible from all clinics. The size should be adequate to
contain 5 percent of the total clinical visits to the OPD in one session at the rate of 0.8 m per square patient. The
dispensary and compounding room should have multiple dispensing windows, compounding counters and shelves.

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Hospital Library Study Contents
 BLOOD BANK
A blood bank is a place where blood is collected and stored before it is used for transfusions. Blood banking takes place in
the lab. This is to make sure that donated blood and blood products are safe before they are used.
The units shall include a reception-waiting room, bleeding room, laboratory for groupings, recovery room and a room for
storage of blood.
● Blood bank shall be in close proximity to pathology department and at an accessible distance to operation-theatre
department, intensive care units and emergency and accident department.

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 The function of blood bank is to maintain current blood groupings, to collect, store and issue blood. Blood bank shall be
in close proximity to pathology department and at an accessible distance to operation-theatre department, intensive
care units and emergency and accident department. The units shall include a reception cum waiting room, bleeding
room, laboratory for groupings, recovery room and a room for storage of blood.

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 HEMATOLOGY
Hematology is the study of blood and blood disorders. Hematologists and hematopathologists are highly trained
healthcare providers who specialize in diseases of the blood and blood components. The Clinical Hematology Laboratory
performs a wide variety of basic and advanced hematology testing on whole blood, serum, urine, and other body fluids.

● Usually the blood bank is made a part of hematology departments. It is preferably placed in proximity to blood bank and
transfusion department and has access to the stores and procurements of blood from blood banks

UROLOGY
Urology is the field of medicine that focuses on diseases of the urinary tract and the male reproductive tract. Some
urologists treat general diseases of the urinary tract. A urology lab is responsible for urine, semen analysis and related
tests.
● Since urine specimen is obtained in the unit . Therefore, toilet facilities may be provided near the lab. This lab could also
be included in other clinical pathology sections based on technical working load and hospital space restrictions.
MICROBIOLOGY
A microbiology laboratory is a laboratory devoted to the culturing, examination, and identification of microorganisms
including bacteria, fungi, yeasts, etc. The microbiology laboratory has a crucial role in effective infection prevention and
control (IPC). The department provides accurate results on clinical material within the shortest possible time.
● The microbiology labs is similar in equipment and design to laboratories in other basic sciences. However, labs used for
bacteriological and virus research have additional requirements. Separate animal rooms are provided in the microbiology
department to prevent cross contamination.
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SEROLOGY
The Serology lab analyzes blood specimens for diseases of public health significance. The serology and bacteriology work is
combined in one standard laboratory module, where a half module is assigned to each unit . Culture media for use in
bacteriology are prepared in the bacteriology work area and sent to the sterilizing unit for sterilization.
● The glass washing and sterilizing unit is close to the serology-bacteriology units which will utilize such services more often
than the others. A waste grinder under the sink in the serology unit is highly desirable for disposal of clotted blood which
may otherwise clog the drain .

HISTOLOGY
A histopathology laboratory avails a number of services that involve examining the tissues and ultimately detect diseases.
The complete range of services offered by laboratories include techniques like necropsy to sophisticated histological
processing, as well as expert evaluation by pathologists.
● The Histology unit is preferably placed near the pathologist's office, since the medical technologist here works under his
direction and supervision .

BIOCHEMISTRY
Clinical Biochemistry is the division of laboratory medicine that deals with the measurement of chemicals (both natural and
unnatural) in blood, urine and other body fluids. These test results are useful for detecting health problems, determining
prognosis and guiding the therapy of a patient. ● The glass washing and sterilizing unit is close to the serology-bacteriology
and the biochemistry units which will utilize such services more often than the other units. It is usually one of the largest lab
areas.

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PATHOLOGY
A Pathology Laboratory is a Laboratory where tests are carried out on clinical specimens to obtain information about the
health of a patient to aid in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
● The pathologist's office is usually placed in the center provides for easy supervision of the work stations. in basement
storage .
● The pathologist's office is placed in a way so that he may have easy access to the technical areas of the laboratory,
particularly the histology unit.

AUTOPSY
An autopsy is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the
cause, mode, and manner of death.
● Autopsy Room should be located convenient both to the teaching hospital and to the pathology department and
arranged so as to prevent unnecessary contact of unauthorized persons with autopsy procedures.
● It should be a little removed from the emergency and inpatient area. Access to the autopsy and morgue area should not
be from patient areas and the dead bodies should be moved through non-public corridors.
The laboratory should be conveniently located on the ground floor/first floor to serve the outpatient, emergency and
admitting departments.
● The lab area should be easily accessible to surgery, intensive care, radiology and obstetrics.
● In larger hospitals, where the lab is not in walking distance from the outpatient area, there should be a provision of a
laboratory sub-station in the outpatient department.
Similarly, there may be a sub-lab in the OT complex for preparation and examination of frozen sections.

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Hospital Library Study Contents