Identity Negotiation

Theory: Crossing
Cultural Boundaries.
Stella Ting-Toomey
 Warming up question

Who are you? Who am I?

 Warming up question

Who are you? Who am I?

 Warming up question

Who are you? Who am I?

The answers are influenced by our cultural
socialization, family socialization, and
acculturation and identity change processes.
 INTERACTION
meanings . Values . Norms . Styles
of communicating.
 chapter contents
The content and the
Family and gender salience (degree of

01
socialization in
shaping identity
development
02 importance) of cultural
and ethnic identity
formation issue.
The core assumption of

03 04
the identity negotiation Two models of ethnic
theory identity development

Outline the components, criteria,

05 and intercultural identity
competence.
 01
Family and
Gender
socialization
Family!
For most people, family is the first interaction
that we’ve ever made since we were born in
this world. Beliefs and values of our culture
were born from our primary family system.
 BLUEPRINT!
- ROLE
- GENDER
- RELATIONAL
IDENTITIES
 2 types of family system

Personal family Positional family

-Each family member has unique
individuals
- consultative in their decision
making
- Act as friends to their children
- Democrative!
- system
Individuals have distinct roles and
status in the family based on
authorities and responsibilities.
- demanding and directive
- Hierarchical power structure
What type of family you are from?

What type of family you are from?

Hierarchical democratic
Femalene
ss
in many cultures
are portrayed as
more nurturing,
loving, and
GENDER identity!
Our interpretations towards ourself and others.
selfless.

Maleness
Breadwinner of a
household.
Expected to be
more emotionally
stable.
DID YOU KNOW?
 02
The content and
the salience
(degree of
importance) of
cultural and
ethnic identity
formation issue
Cultural and ethnic
identities
These identities lead us to decide who do we
want to be friends with. Holidays we
celebrate, dialect and language we speak. Also
the kinds of nonverbal communication we
use.
Short Discussion
1. what is culture?
2. What is ethnic?
 Cultural identity
“emotional significance that we attach to our
sense of belonging or affiliation with the
larger culture” Ting-Toomey, 2017.

content salience
The strength of people’s
influenced people’s sense of belonging to a
behavior. Individualism- larger culture. Weak or
collectivism. Strong.
 Ethnic Identity
”inherently a matter of ancestry, of beliefs
about the origins of one’s forebears” Alba,
1990 cited in Ting-Toomey.

content salience
Individualism- Allegiance and loyalty to
collectivism. a group.
 03
The core
assumption of the
identity
negotiation theory
Assumptions that explain the antecedent, process and outcome of
intercultural communication.
Identity security Identity
Identity Vulnerability Connection
Identity autonomy
Identity Inclusion Identity
Identity differentiation consistency
Identity change
Identity predictability
Identity Basic human need. Person based or
Group based. Not only the effort of both
unpredictability parties, but one individuals’ competent
in communicating.
 04
Racial/
identity
Development
model
People’s adaptation option about ethnic identity and larger cultural
identity maintenance issue.
05
Component,
criteria,
competence.
 Component.
Knowledge
component
Being a cultural
Identity-
sensitive Negotiation
skills.
Mindfulnes
The actual operational
s
The preparedness/the
abilities to perform those
behaviors that are
readiness to understand the
considered successful in
new culture/ethnic.
intercultural communication.
 Criteria.
Appropriaten
ess
effectivenes
s
The actual operational
abilities to perform those
behaviors that are
considered successful in
intercultural communication.
Identity Negotiation
competence:
Outcomes.
Satisfactory outcomes include create feelings of being
respected, understood, and being valued.

It also depends on our willingness and commitment to

practice mindfulness in our interactions with dissimilar
others.
Thank
you.