GUIDELINES

Always start and end the day with a

player.
If you have concerns during the session,
raise your hand to call the attention of the
teacher.
Participate actively during the session.
Always wear your facemask.
Ma’am De Asis
 Music of Southeast Asia:
Musical Instruments Indonesia
and Malaysia Ma’am De Asis
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Analyze the music of Southeast Asia
Appreciate examples of Southeast Asian
music
Describe how the musical elements are used
and sing an example of Southeast Asian song
applying the different musical elements.

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ACTIVITY 1: PICTURE ANALYSIS!

In this activity you're going to

guess and name the
instrument that will appear
on the screen.
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ACTIVITY 1: PICTURE ANALYSIS!

ONEAT
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SAMPHOR
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KONGVONG
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SKORTHOM
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CHHING
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Cambodia
Also known as Kampuchea. It was the center of the Khmer
(Cambodian) kingdom of Angkor, a great empire That
dominated southeast Asia for 600 years.
Vocal music
Cambodian court music – features choruses with large
orchestras based on Struck keys and gongs

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Pin Peat – Musical ensemble

that usually accompanies
ceremonial music of the royal
courts and temples.
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The orchestra consists of
approximately nine or ten
instruments, mainly wind and
percussion (including several
varieties of xylophone and
drums).
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Instruments
included in the
ensemble
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1. ONEAT - is a xylophone used in the
Khmer classical music of Cambodia. It is
built in the shape of a curved,
rectangular shaped boat. It has twenty-
one thick bamboo or hard wood bars that
are suspended from strings attached to
the two walls.
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2. Samphor - a double-
headed drum played
with hands
(membranophone).
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3. Kongvong - Gong circles

(idiophone). The kong vong toch is
several gongs that are attached to a
circle-shaped rack, closely
resembling its larger relative, the
kong thom.
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4. Skorthom - two big drums like
Japanese (membranophone). Are
Cambodian 2-headed barrel drums
played with a pair of wooden
drumsticks. They typically have skin
heads made from oxen, cows or buffalos,
and are played in pairs.
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5. Chhing - finger cymbals.

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INDONESIA
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What are two basic kind of

Indonesian music scale used in
their vocal and instrumental music?

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1. Slendro – five (5) equidistant tones in octave pelog. A

pentatonic tuning employed for Javanese gamelans that
divides the octave into five roughly similar intervals any pair
of notes in the slendro scale, it is generally agreed, sound
satisfactory together.
2. Pelog - heptatonic (7) tone scale with semi-tone. A heptatonic
tuning employed for Javanese gamelans consisting of unequal
intervals from which various pentatonic scales are drawn —
compare slendro.

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Irama – Indonesian term for tempo.
VOCAL MUSIC
1. Pesindhen – female soloist singer
who sings with a gamelan.
2. Gerong – the unison male chorus
that sings with the gamelan
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Gamelan – musical ensemble that

contains instruments such as
metallophones, xylophones,
kendang and gongs, bamboo
flutes, bowed and plucked strings.

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Instruments included in
the ensemble

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1.Bonang - brass
gongs (idiophone).
Is a metal gong
chime idiophone of
the Javanese people
of java, Indonesia.
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2. Gender - A gender is a type of
metallophone used in Balinese and
Javanese gamelan music. It
consists of 10 to 14 tuned metal
bars suspended over a tuned
resonator of bamboo or metal,
which are tapped with a mallet
made of wooden disks (Bali) or a
padded wooden disk (java),
(idiophone)

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3. Saron - xylophone (idiophone).
Is a musical instrument of Indonesia, which is
used in the gamelan. It normally has seven
bronze bars placed on top of a resonating frame
(rancak). It is usually about 20 cm (8 in) high
and is played on the floor by a seated performer.
Is a musical instrument of Indonesia, which is
used in the gamelan. It normally has seven
bronze bars placed on top of a resonating frame
(rancak). It is usually about 20 cm (8 in) high
and is played on the floor by a seated performer.

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4. Gongs - suspended gongs (idiophone)
A gong is a percussion
instrument originating in east Asia
and southeast Asia. Gongs are a
flat, circular metal disc that is
typically struck with a mallet. They
can be small or large and tuned or
can require tuning. One of
Javanese and Balinese style gong
for gamelan ensemble, hanging in
an ornate frame.
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5. Kendang - drum (membranophone)
Is a double
headed membranophone of the
Javanese people of the island of
java, Indonesia. It is the smallest
of three hand drums (see first
detail image; the kendhang
ketipung is the middle drum)
typically found in a modern
central Javanese gamelan set.
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6. Kenong/ketuk - embossed gongs
(idiophone)
Is a musical instrument of
Indonesia used in the gamelan.
It is a kind of gong and is
placed on its side. It has the
same length and width. Thus,
it is like the bonang,
kempyang, and ketuk, which
are also cradled gongs.

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THAILAND
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Formerly known as Siam, Thailand is known for being the
sole nation in Southeast Asia that has never been ruled by a
Western power.
Also known as “Muang Thai” which means “Land of the
Free”.
Music is theoretically based on the five-tone or seven-tone
scale system. It is not confined to the royal courts but also
used extensively in dance, theater, and in ceremonies.

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INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC

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Piphat – a mid-
sized orchestra
that is performed
in either outdoor
style with hard
mallets or indoor
style with padded
mallets.
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Khruang sai – an orchestra
that combines some of the
percussion and wind
instruments of the piphat
with an expanded string
section. This group is
primarily used for indoor
performances and for the
accompaniment of stick-
puppet theater.
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Mahori – traditionally
played by women in
the courts of Central
Thailand and
Cambodia. This
ensemble are
historically smaller.
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Musical Ensembles and Types of

Performances in Malaysia

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1. Agung and Kulintang - gong-
based musical ensemble
commonly used in funerals
and weddings in East
Malaysia. This type of
ensemble is similar to the
Kulintang of the Philippines,
Brunei, and Indonesia.

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2. Kertok - a musical
ensemble from the
Malay peninsula that
consists of xylophones
played swiftly and
rhythmically in
traditional Malay
function.
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-A musical
3. Dikir Barat
form that is
important to Malaysia's
national culture. It is
performed by singing in groups
and often in a competitive
manner usually with
percussion instrumental
accompaniment or sometimes
without instruments at all.
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4. Silat Melayu
A form of martial art that is
similar to tái chi. It originated
in the Malay peninsula since
the Christian era and is a
mixture of martial arts,
dance, and music usually
accompanied by gongs,
drums, and Indian oboes.

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