DEFINED AND

UNDEFINED TERMS
IN GEOMETRY
 OBJECTIVES

• Define Geometry
• Determine the undefined and defined terms in Geometry
• Name a point, line, segment, plane, and ray.
• Derive the formula on how to find the number of segments or rays given
two or more points on a line.
• Differentiate postulate and theorem
 GEOMETRY

• Geometry a branch of mathematics concerned with the

measurements, properties and relations of points, lines,
surfaces, solids, and higher dimensional analogs.

• The word geometry comes from the two Greek words, geo,
meaning ‘earth’ and metron, meaning ‘to measure’.
 UNDEFINED TERMS

Words that do not have formal definitions

but there is an agreement about what they
mean.
 UNDEFINED TERMS

1. Point
A point is a specific location. It has no length, width, or thickness.
Some real-world objects such as the tip of a pen and the tip of a
nail suggest points.
A dot is used to represent a point. .J
A point is named by using a capital letter.
 UNDEFINED TERMS

2. Line
A line has length, but no width and no thickness.
A line in geometry will always mean a straight line,
which extends indefinitely in two opposite directions.
 UNDEFINED TERMS

A line can be named by using a small letter. The line below is

named line m.
m
A line can also be named by using two different capital letters. The line below
is named line PQ written as . A double-headed arrow is placed over the name
of the line if two capital letters are used.

P Q
 UNDEFINED TERMS
3. Plane
A plane is a flat surface that extends
infinitely in all direction. It has infinite
width and length but no thickness. A C
P
It is named by using a capital letter placed
B
at one of its corners or by three points.
Thus, plane P on the right can also be named
plane ABC.
WHAT DOES EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SUGGEST?
1. The tip of a ball pen
2. A clothes line
3. A speck of dust
4. A cemented playground
5. The crease made by folding a piece of paper
6. Edge of a table
7. Blackboard
8. Floor of a house
9. Corner of a room where two walls meet the ceiling
10.Electric wire
 DEFINITION

A definition is a precise statement or description

of the meaning of a term so that all using it will
understand in the same way.
The important concepts in geometry will be defined by using the
three undefined terms and/or other terms that have already been
defined. A good definition has the following characteristics.

1. A good definition should contain ordinary words and geometric

terms that have been previously defined or accepted as undefined.
2. A good definition should list only the essential properties of the
term being defined.
3. A good definition is reversible.
 SEGMENT

A segment is a part of a line composed of two points of the

line, called endpoints, and all the points between the
endpoints. Segment AB may be denoted by or .

A B C D
HOW MANY SEGMENTS CAN YOU NAME
 RAY

A ray is a part of line with a single endpoint (point of origin)

that extends infinitely in one direction.
A ray is named by its endpoint that is written first and a
second point that indicates the direction of the ray.
HOW MANY RAYS CAN YOU NAME
 COLLINEAR VS COPLANAR

• Two or more points lying on the same line are

collinear.
• Points and/or lines on the same plane are
coplanar.
 B C

A D

G H
F E
• Give 3 rays with D as initial point. G
D
A

H
B E

C
• Which ray can be named in two different ways G
D
and has A as initial point? A

H
B E

C
• Which ray can be named in three different G
D
ways? A

H
B E

C
• Name a set of three collinear points. G
D
A

H
B E

C
• Name a set of four collinear points. G
D
A

H
B E

C
• Name three coplanar but non-collinear points. G
D
A

H
B E

C
 POSTULATE VS THEOREM

A postulate is a statement about geometry which is assumed and

accepted without a proof.

A theorem is a statement which has to be proved from previously

known facts, namely, definitions, postulates, and already proved
theorems.
 ASSIGNMENT
1. Define angle and give the types of angles.
2. Give the definition and illustrate the following
a. Intersecting lines
b. Parallel lines
c. Skew lines
d. Concurrent lines
e. Perpendicular lines
f. Vertical angles
g. Adjacent angles
h. Linear pair
i. Supplementary angles
j. Complementary angles