“Introduction to Drosophila”

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 INTRODUCTION

1. What is Drosophila?
- In Greek roots drosos means “dew” and philos means “loving”

- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Class: Insecta
- Order: Diptera
- Family: Drosophilidae
- Genus: Drosophila
Common Name : Fruit Flie
- They are very diverse in appearance have about 1,500 Species
2. Why Drosophila

• Small in Size.
• Short life Cycle.
• Produce Large no. of offspring (100 eggs Per day)
• Small Genome (4 Pairs of chromosomes)
• Many Genes Homologus to Human genes
• Inexpensive & easy to culture

Life Cycle Of Drosophila

 The Egg

• 0.5 mm long
• white in colour
• Pair of Filaments Keeps egg from sinking in soft
food
• Penetration occurs through Micropyle
 The Larva

First instar larva second instar larva third instar larva

• Larva Hatched from egg after3One Day
• Undergoes Three Molts
• Three Stages (instars) : first instar, second instar, third instar
• 12 segments ( 3 head segments, 3 thoracic segments, 8
abdominal segments.
•Larva is Transparent
•Larval Period lasts for 4 days
• Larva eats & grows on media
• finally leaves the food and Crawls on the wall of culture bottle
for Pupation
 The Pupa

• Non moving stage

• has 3 stages
Puparium : Last Larval Skin
Prepupa : Headless Individual
Pupa : Final stage
• Pupal Stage lasts for 4-5 Days
• Grow By Metamorphosis
 Adult Stage

• after metamorphosis Adult flies emerged from pupa

• Newly emerged flies are light in Colour
• By this criterion newly emerged flies are easy to distinguish from
older one
• a female doesn’t mate for 10 – 12 hrs. after eclosion
• female Stores sperms in receptacles
• fertilised the egg and then lay them
• For a Desirable cross virgin females are necessary
• virgin Female have meconium (last larval food) on their abdomen
 male female

• smaller in size • Larger in size

• Posterior end of Abdomen is Rounded • Posterior end of Abdomen is Elongated
• Last few segments are balck • Alternating Black & light Bands are Present
on entire Body
• 5 Segments • 7 Segments
• Epandrium (rectangular plate) is Present • Ovipositor (elongated tip) used for laying
eggs. Is present
• Have Sex Comb • Do not have Sex comb
THANK YOU