Lecture, on Functions, and New Functions from Old Functions.

Definition, of a function, and examples 1. capital c of r, equals 2 pie r, and 2. capital a of r, equals pie r square, and 3. capital f of r, equals Capital g into m1 into m2 divided by r square
Definition. If a variable y, depends on a variable x in such a way that, each value of x, determines exactly one value, of y, then we say that y is a function of x.
Where, x : independent variable, (or argument) of f, and y : dependent variable of f, and written as, y equals f of x.
Examples: 1. The circumference capital C of a circle, is a function of its radius r, Capital C of r equals two pi r and 2. Capital A of r equals pi r square
3. The gravitational force, Capital F, of attraction between two bodies of constant masses (m1 and m2) in the Universe, is inversely proportional to the square of the distance r between the bodies, Capital f of r equals capital g into m1 into m2 divided by r square
another Definition, of a function then details explanations, with a Van diagram where, f of x equals 3 x square plus 2:
Definition. A function f, is a rule that associates, a unique output, with each input. If the input is denoted by x, then the output is denoted by f of x
Functional relationship between input and output here Y equals f of x equals 3 x square plus 2
On the left, Children, input, x, are minus 2, 0, 1, 2, 3 which, are domain of f, and on the right side, Mothers, output, y, are 14, 2, 5, 29 which, are range of f inside van diagram 2 ovals with connecting arrows to show relationship Between x and y shown. Side note: finding values of y for the values of x found written, shown.

There are 2 type of functions, Many to 1 or 1 to 1, written between 2 ovals.

Note that: x equals y square and x square plus y square equals 1 are, NOT Functions just relation, which are equations. Because for one x value can not have more than one y values, as of the definition of function.
We can Use, Vertical line test to check function or not.
Domain and range, of a function, and examples where, 1. F of x equals, 2 plus square root, of x minus 1, and 2. F of x equals, x plus 1,, divided by x minus 1:
Domain, of f: the set of all allowable inputs (x-values) and Range, of f: the set of outputs (y -values) that result when x varies over the domain
examples: Find, the domain and range, of 1. f of x equals, 2 plus square root, of x minus 1, and 2. f of x equals, x plus 1,, divided by x minus 1.
on the left side, Solution1: Domain, of f of x is equals third bracket 1 comma infinity, as x minus 1 must be greater or equals 0, and Range, of f of x is equals third bracket 2 comma infinity, A graph of y equals 2 plus root over x minus 1 is given below showing domain, x is equal greater than 1, and range, y is equal greater than 2
On the right side, Solution 2: y equals, x PLUS 1, divided by x minus 1, Domain, of f of x is equals all real number except 1, as x minus 1 is not equal to 0, and Range, of f of x is equals all real number except 1, A graph of y equals, x plus 1, divided by x minus 1 is given below showing domain, all x but not equal to 1, and to find range making x subject on the top right corner side work shown we get, x equals y plus 1, divided by y minus 1 so range, all y but not equal to 1, x equal to 1, vertical, and y equal to
Find, the domain and range, of y equals, x square minus 4, divided by x minus 2:
Solution: y equals, x plus 2 into x minus 2, divided by x minus 2 equals, x plus 2, where, x is not equal to 2.
Domain, of f of x is equals, all real number except 2, since, x minus 2 is not equal to 0, and Range, of f of x is equals all real number except 4, since, x is not equal to 2, then y, is not equal to 4. at the bottom, A graph, of y equals, x square minus 4, divided by x minus 2, is shown, which is a line, with a hole on the line, since x is not equals 2, then why is not equal to 4.
Find, the natural domain, of 1. f of x equals, x cube, and 2. f of x equals, 1 divided by x minus 1 into x minus 3.
Solution 1: Natural domain, is the set of all real numbers, R equals, minus infinity to infinity. Note that: Domain:, is extension of the curve along x axis possible, On the right side, In the graph of y equals x cube, extension of the curve along x axis possible minus infinity to infinity shown.
Solution 2: Natural domain,, is the set of all real numbers, except x equals 1 comma 3, That is, x is all real number but x is not equals 1 comma 3 equals left paren negative infinity to 1 right paren union left paren 1 comma 3 right paren union left paren 3 to positive infinity right pare answer.
Find, the natural domain, of 1. F of x equals, tan x, and 2. F of x equals, square root, of x square minus 5x plus 6
Solution 1: y equals tan x equals, sin x divided by cos x, On the right side the graph of cos x shown where for x equals pi by 2 and 3 pi by 2 the value of cos x is zero, So Cos x not equal to 0 when x not equals plus minus pie by 2, and plus minus 3 pie by 2, so on more
Natural domain, of y equals tan x, is the set of all real numbers, except odd integer multiple of pi by 2, That is, X is all real number but x is not equals plus minus pi by 2, and plus minus 3 into pi by 2, and plus minus 5 into pi by 2, so on answer.
Solution 2: f of x, equals, square root, of x square minus 5x plus 6 equals, root over positive number.
Natural domain, is the set of all real numbers, such that, X square minus 5 x plus 6 is greater than or equal to 0, Then x minus 2 into x minus 3 is greater than or equal to 0, Side work: middle term factorization of x square minus 5x plus 6 shown.
using number line shown we find, x is less than or equal to 2 or x is greater than or equal to 3, that is, x is all real number but x is less than equal to 2 or x is greater than or equal to 3 equals left paren minus infinity, 2 third bracket union third bracket 3, infinity right paren answer,
New Functions, from Old Functions
Find, the formulas and domain for the functions, 1. f plus g, and 2. f minus g, and 3. f into g, and 4. f over g, and, 5. 7 into f,

Where, f of x equals, 1 plus square root, of x minus 2, and g of x equals, x minus 3

Solution The formulas of the new functions are

1. f plus g, of x equals, f of x plus g of x equals, 1 plus root over x minus 2 plus x minus 3 equals, x minus 2 plus root over x minus 2
2. f minus g, of x equals, f of x minus g of x equals, 1 plus root over x minus 2 minus x minus 3 equals, 4 minus x plus root over x minus 2
3. f into g, of x equals, f of x into g of x equals, 1 plus root over x minus 2 whole into x minus 3

4. f over g, of x equals, f of x over g of x equals, 1 plus root over x minus 2 over x

5. 7 into f, of x equals, 7 into f of x equals, 7 plus 7 into root over x minus 2

minus 3
Find, the natural domain, of the above new functions?
Practice Work:
1. Which of the diagrams below illustrate a function? Give reasons for your answer.
a. Function 2 and 3 have an image, possible b. Is not function as the element 1 has no image. C. is not function as 3 has more than 1 outcomes. D. function all of them have a 1 outcome, which is possible.
2. State whether of not the following graphs represent function. Give reasons for your answers.
Graphs in c. And d. shown are Not functions, use vertical line test for 1 x will have 2 y values
3. Determine which of the following equations are functions and which are not functions.
a. Y equals 5x plus 1, b. y equals x square plus 1, c. y square equals x plus 1, d. x square plus y square equals 4.
4. Determine the domain of each of the following functions.
a. G of x equals x plus 3 divided by x square plus 3x minus 10, b. f of x equals root over 5 minus 3x, c. h of x equals root over 7x plus 8 divided by x square plus 4, d. R of x equals root over 10 x minus 5 divided by x square minus 16.
5. Find, the natural domain, of a. f of x equals 1 over 1 plus sin x, and b. f of x equals square rootof x square minus 3x minus 10.