Lecture 8

Networking-1
 Network
• Data communication refers to the transmission of data between
two or more computer.
• Computer network is a interconnection between computers that
allows computers to exchange data
 Networking
• The best known network is internet
• Network can be of wire or wireless
• Wireless network works with the help of radio
wave, microwave, satellite
• At 1960, Computer scientist J.C.R. Licklider
gave the idea of global networking
 Network application
• Resource sharing such as printers & storage
device.
• Exchanging information ex: email
• Information sharing
• Video conference
• Instant messaging
• Simultaneous access
• Data backup
 Types of network
• 3 main types of network
– LAN (Local Area Network)
– MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
– WAN (Wide Area Network)
 LAN
Consist of computers that are relatively close to one another.
• High speed communication between computers
• Situated in a limited area typically within a building
• Owned by single organization
 MAN
• Cover an area of a typical city
• Use similar technologies as LAN
• Consists of 2 or more LANs
• Multiple router, switch, hub helps to make MAN network
 WAN
Multiple LANs and MANs are connected
• Spreads over a large geographical area
• May connect computers within a country or cover many countries
• Example: Internet
• Managed by group of organization
 LAN vs. WAN
• LAN situated in small area but WAN is for large
area network
• Network within a building is an example of LAN.
Internet is the example of WAN
• LAN Can share devices but WAN can not share
devices
• LAN does not need modem WAN needs modem
or NIC
• LAN is more speedy than WAN
 Network topology
• Topology: Physical layout of cables and devices that
connects the nodes of a network.
• Different types of topology
– Bus
– Star
– Mesh
– Ring
– Tree
 Topology
Types of topology

• Bus
• Star
• Mesh
• Ring
• Tree
 Bus Topology
• Uses one cable
• Peripheral devices are connected in series
through that cable
• Advantage: uses least amount of cabling
 Star Topology
• Host is connected to a central hub with a point-to-
point connection.
• All nodes are connected to that Hub & communicate
through it
• Advantage: broken connection in any node does not
affect others unless it is hub
 Ring Topology
• Connects nodes in a
circular chain
• Each node is connected to
the next
• Each node examines data
as it travels through ring
• If the ring is broken, entire
network unable to
communicate
• Advantage: no need of
host computer
 Mesh Topology
• Least used network topology
• Most expensive
• Each node is connected to all
other nodes through cable
• So, The number of
connections

• Advantage: problem in any of

the nodes does not affects
other
 Tree topology
• A tree topology is
essentially a combination
of bus topology and star
topology.
• The nodes of bus
topology are replaced
with standalone star
topology networks.
• It has a root node
• Root is connected to hub
Thank You

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