CET-II solution

thermodynamics
Partial molar properties
• The properties of a solution are not additive properties of its components .It means that when a
substance becomes part of a solution it loses its identity.
• But it still contributes to the property of the solution as is evident from the fact that by changing the
amount of substance, the solution property also changes.
• The term partial molar property is used to designate the property of a component when it is
in admixture with one or many components
• To be more precise, the partial molar property of a particular component in a mixture measures the
contribution of that component to the mixture property.
• If M t is the total value of any extensive thermodynamic property of a solution, the partial molar
property of the component i in the solution is defined as
Physical Meaning of partial molar properties
• Assume that one mole of water is added to it. The volume increases by 18 x 10–6 m3, which is the molar
volume of pure water.
• If the same amount of water is added to a large amount of pure ethanol taken in the beaker, the increase in
volume will be approximately 14 x 10–6 m3, which is the partial molar volume of water in pure ethanol
Physical Meaning of partial molar properties
• The difference in the increase in volumes can be explained thus: the volume occupied by a given number of water molecules
depends on the molecules surrounding them.
• When water is mixed with a large volume of alcohol, there is so much alcohol present that each water molecule is surrounded by
pure ethanol.
• Consequently, the packing of the molecules would be different from that in pure water, and the molecules occupy lesser volume.
• We have seen that the effective molar volume of water added to the ethanol–water solution, i.e. the partial molar volume in the
solution is less than the molar volume VW of pure water at the same temperature and pressure
Physical Meaning of partial molar properties
Partial molar properties and properties of solution
Partial molar properties and properties of
solution
Determination of Partial Molar Properties
Method 2 (Graphical)
Method 3 Tangent-intercept method