CAVOSURFACE

TREATMENT OF
VARIOUS RESTORATION
CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 DEFINITION
 IMPORTANCE OF
CAVOSURFACE MARGIN
 FACTORS TO BE
CONSIDERED
 TYPES OF CAVOSURFACE
MARGIN
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION
• Many factors play a critical role in getting the best restoration, such as cavity
design, operator skill, type of restorative material etc.

• The weakest link in any restoration is the tooth restoration interface.

• Every effort should be made to design and prepare these marginal peripheries
to create the most favourable relationship with each other and for the
longevity of the restoration. 
Restoration can survive in the biological environment of the oral
cavity only if the margins are closely adapted to the cavosurface
finish line of the preparation.

One of the important aspects of cavity design - cavosurface

marginal seal/design. 
 DEFINITION

The cavosurface angle is the angle of tooth

structure formed by the junction of a prepared
(cut) wall and the external surface of the tooth.

The actual junction is referred to as the

cavosurface margin .

STURDVANT 4TH
EDI.
CAVOSURFACE MARGIN- The surface periphery of the cavity prepararation ,
which is the junction between the cavity wall(floor)and the adjacent tooth surface.

It takes the name of adjacent surface

CAVOSURFACE ANGLE – This refers to the angle between

a wall (floor) and the adjacent tooth surface .

It takes the name of the wall (floor) and the adjacent surface
MARZOUK
IMPORTANCE OF CAVOSURFACE MARGIN
FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN
PREPARING CAVOSURFACE MARGIN

1.Directio
n of 2. Noy’s
enamel criteria
rods

3. Type of 4. The
restorative location of
material margins
1. DIRECTION OF ENAMEL RODS:

1.Theoretically, the enamel rods radiate from DEJ to the external

surface of the enamel and are perpendicular to the tooth surface.

2. All rods extend full length from DEJ toward concave enamel
surfaces and diverge outwardly towards the convex surface.
 2. NOY’S CRITERIA:
1.Tooth preparation should rest on sound dentin.

2. Enamel rods of cavosurface angle should have their inner ends resting on
sound dentin

3. Outer ends of enamel rods of cavosurface angle should rest on sound dentin with
their outer ends to be covered with a restorative material.

4. Cavosurface angle should be properly trimmed or bevelled so as to

prevent harm to tooth structure or restoration.
TYPES OF CAVOSURFACE MARGINS
1. BUTT JOINT

1. 90–100º cavosurface angle produces a butt joint.

2. Butt joint is usually given for brittle materials which have low
edge strength.

Indication:
1. Amalgam.
2. Glass ionomer restorations.
3. Direct Filling Gold restorations.
BEVEL
S
1. A plane of a cavity wall or floor directed away from the cavity preparation

2. Bevels are the flexible extensions of a cavity preparation allowing the inclusion
of surface defects, supplement grooves or other areas of the tooth surface.
3.  “Any abrupt incline between the two surfaces of a prepared tooth or between
the cavity wall and the cavo- surface margins in the prepared cavity.” Ref:
Sturdevant’s Art and Science of Operative dentistry

4. Cut that produces an angle of more than 90º with cavity wall.
PURPOSE OF A BEVEL

1. Protects enamel wall from condensation

energy.
2. Allow coverage of enamel wall by durable
gold material.
3. To remove remaining rough enamel.
4. To create a 30-40◦ metal margin for ease in
finishing the gold
TYPES OF BEVELS
1.According to shape and types of tissue involvement:
1) Partial bevel
2) 2) Short bevel
3) 3) Long bevel
4) 4) Full bevel
5) 5) Counter bevel
6) 6) Hollow ground(concave) bevel

2.They are classified according to surface they are placed

1)Gingival bevel
2) Occlusal bevel
3) Functional cusp bevel
1.PARTIAL BEVEL
• This type of bevel involves part of the enamel wall , not exceeding
two-thirds of its dimension.
• This is usually not used in cast restorations except to trim weak
enamel rods from margin peripheries.

2.SHORT BEVEL
• This includes the entire enamel wall but not dentin.
• Indicated - Class I alloys specially for type1 & 2

3. LONG BEVEL
• This includes all of the enamel wall, & one-half of the dentinal wall.
• Its major advantage is that the internal boxed up resistance &
retention features are preserved in this bevel.
• Indicated - first three classes of cast materials.
4.FULL BEVEL
• This includes all of the dentinal and enamel walls of the cavity wall or floor.
• Although it is well reproduced by all four classes of cast alloys, it deprives
the preparation of its internal resistance and retention.
Its use is avoided except in cases where it is impossible to use any other
form of bevel.
5.COUNTER BEVEL • When capping cusps to protect and support them, this
type of bevel is used , opposite to an axial cavity wall, on the facial or lingual
surface of the tooth, which will have a gingival inclination facially or
lingually.
6.REVERSE BEVEL
 It is placed at the dentinal portion of the cervical wall towards
the axio gingival line angle.
 • Reverse bevel at gingival wall will prevent tipping movements.
 • The hydrostatic pressure during cementing a cast restoration
can produce a rotational displacement of the castings with flat
gingival walls.
 • This effect is resisted by the reverse bevel resulting in even
seating of the cast restoration.
1. OCCLUSAL BEVEL
• Bevels create obtuse angled marginal tooth structure,
which is the bulkiest and the strongest configuration of any
marginal tooth anatomy to resist stess.
• Produce acute angled marginal cast alloy substance which
makes it most amenable to burnishing.
• In wider cavities, and in deeper ones, they are extended to
improve the taper.
• This design employs the principle of the cone to provide a
snug fit of the casting against the surrounding walls of the
preparation.
2. FUNCTIONAL CUSP BEVEL
• It is additional removal of tooth structure in a cavity preparation.
• A wide bevel placed on the functional cusp provides space for an adequate
bulk of metal in an area of heavy occlusal contact.
• Functional cusp bevel increases the thickness of thin occluso-axial junction of
the restoration.

 Angulation-45 degree

 USE- Provides additonal thickness for the material which is necesaary because
these are the maximum load bearing areas. So, large bevel is given which will
help to bear excess load without fracture.

LOCATION- • Its prepared on the palatal cusp of maxillary teeth.

• Buccal cusps of mandibular teeth.

Lack of functional cusp bevel may produce several problems- 1. May result in
over contouring and poor occlusion. 2. Over inclination of the buccal surface will
destroy excessive tooth structure reducing retention.
3.GINGIVAL BEVEL
• Weak enamel is removed.
• Bevel results in 30° angle at the gingival margin that is burnishable
because of its angular design
• A lap sliding fit is produced at the gingival margin which help in
improving the fit of casting in this region.
• Increased to bevel E.rods which inclines towards the cusps.
• Angle of bevel is decreased with increase in steepness of the cusps
• Increased bevel angulations is necessary for a direct wax patterns as
more marginal bulk is required.
• Bevel angulations should be increased to include remotely located
defects, supplementary grooves or decalcifications on the occlusal
surface. 
 DIRECT FILLING GOLD RESTORATIONS

Class I Tooth Preparation

Small bevels may be placed at the cavosurface margins for easy

finishing

This allows 40 to 45°metal margins which can be burnished against

the tooth surface

Junction between the bevel and dentinal wall should be rounded.

Bevels for Amalgam:

Class II. Partial bevel on enamel only, not to include more than 1/4 of its extent.

Class III:
1. Ferrier design: A bevel is placed on all the enamel margins by wedelstedt
chisel.
2. Loma Linda design: cavity preparation under this design is made with lingual
access, indicated when esthetics is the major concern and in where the carious
process involve the lingual marginal ridge and cavosurface is not beveled.
Angle former or Wedelstedt chisel is used to give the bevel.

3. Ingraham design: This preparation design is indicated primarily for incipient

proximal lesions in anterior teeth where esthetics is the main concern. After
removal of diseased and undermined tooth structures, this preparation design
will accommodate bulky gingival and incisal walls.
. Class V.
1. The most commonly followed class V cavity design is the
Ferrier’s design.
2. External outline is trapezoidal in form.
3. Slight occlusal cavosurface bevel is given using a
wedelstedt chisel. 4. A bevel on the gingival wall is not
given when the latter extends onto cementum.
Composite restorations

Three designs of cavity preparation for composite

restorations may be used:

1.Conventional
2. Bevelled conventional
3. Modified preparation design
Conventional
(a) Butt joint marginal configuration.
(b) Used in areas when margins are located in nonenamel areas
such as root surface.

Beveled Conventional Preparation:

(a) Bevel is given on enamel margins.

(b) Advantage of enamel bevel is that ends of the enamel rods
(exposed by bevelling) are more effectively etched.
(c) Bevel width – 0.25-0.5mm.
(d) In class IV, bevel width is 0.25-2mm.

Class III beveled conventional tooth preparations are prepared

as conventional preparations with the addition of a cavosurface
bevel or flare of the enamel rather than a butt joint margin
Class I Composite:
No occlusal bevel.
The interface between the composite restoration material and
tooth structure showed maximum tensile stresses during
simulated occlusal forces when tooth was prepared without the
bevel.
This could potentially lead to bond failure between resin
composite and tooth structure. Whereas by using the bevel, the
tensile stresses were eliminated in the tooth structure dental
material interface
Class II Composite.

1.Gingival floor flat.

2. No bevel on gingival cavosurface margin
3.Tooth preparation of a bevel is recommended for an optimal
marginal seal in small box-type Class II composite restorations.
1

CLASS III: