Mechanical Behavior of Engineering Materials - A

MECH3309 – A
Fall Semester 2022

HW4

Made By:
Steven Henderson Chang 2020360016
Number 1
Answer of Number 1
To find the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in portion BC of the beam,

Given that the formula is,

for bending stress, --- (1) <Compression (-) and Tension (+)>
where is the bending stress, is the calculated bending moment, is the vertical
distance away from the neutral axis, and is the moment of inertia around the
neutral axis.

First, to find the bending moment , draw the FBD of the beam AD,
 Figure 1. FBD of Beam AD

Then, cut the FBD in Figure 1 in half,

Figure 2. FBD of Right-Hand Side of Half-Beam AD

 Figure 3. FBD of Left-Hand Side of Half-Beam AD

Use method of moments to find from Figure 3 with the point A as the pivot,
<Figure 3 is chosen due to A is on a fixed meanwhile, D is on a roller pivot>

--- (2), the direction of the bending moment is anti-clockwise.

Second, to find the moment of inertia around the neutral axis , draw the FBD of the
cross-section of the beam, and divide it into three parts to ease the calculation and
problem solving,
for the formula of moment of inertia, --- (3)

Figure 4. FBD of Cross-Section of the Beam

Given that the widths in Figure 3 are , , and . Also, the heights in Figure 3 are and .
Then, find the area and vertical distance of the midpoints of three parts in Figure 4
away from the section centroid, <the centroid is assumed at the base of Part iii>
Parts
i 0.005 0.1875 0.0009375
ii 0.00375 0.1 0.000375
iii 0.0025 0.0125 0.00003125
Total 0.01125 0.00134375

Table 1. Calculations for FBD of Cross-Section of the Beam

Then, to find the location of centroid at the cross-section of the beam from the
base line,
Now, use equation (3), to find the moment of inertia for the three parts and the
total amount of inertia,

Figure 5. FBD of Cross-Section of the Beam

Given that the distances between the centroid and the midpoint of the parts in
Figure 5 are , , and . Also, taking centroid as the neutral axis, the vertical distances
of the top of the cross-section and bottom of the cross-section of beam away from
the neutral axis are --- (4) and --- (5).
Then,
Thus,

Now, insert the values,

--- (6)

Use equation (1) to find the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in portion
BC of the beam,
--- (7)
--- (8)
Insert equation (2), equation (4), equation (5), and equation (6) into equation (7)
and equation (8),
It is given that when the bending stress is negative, it is in compression. And when
the bending stress is positive, it is in tension.

So, <the absolute values are used for the answers to the question>
, the bending stress at top is in compression.
, the bending stress at bottom is in tension.
Answer of Number 1
Two vertical forces are applied to a beam of the cross section shown.
The maximum tensile and compressive stresses in portion BC of the
beam are and respectively.
Number 2
Answer of Number 2
To find (a) the stress at point A, (b) the stress at point B, and (c), the location of the
neutral axis of section ,

Given that the formula is,

for bending loads, --- (1) <Compression (-) and Tension (+)>
where is the bending stress, is the calculated bending moment, is the vertical
distance of a point from the centroid, and is the moment of inertia around the
neutral axis.

Given that the height of the clamp , base

length of the clamp , radius of the clamp , and distance from the load to the clamp
base .
for the formula of moment of inertia of a rectangle, --- (2)

First, to find the moment of inertia around the neutral axis , draw the FBD of the
cross-section of the beam, and divide it into two parts to ease the calculation and
problem solving,

Figure 1. FBD of Cross-Section of the Clamp

Assume Part i as a circle. Given that the radius in Figure 1 is . Given that the width
in Figure 1 is . Also, the height in Figure 1 is .

Then, find the area and vertical distance of the midpoints of two parts in Figure 1
away from the section centroid, <the centroid is assumed at the base of Part ii>
Parts
i 0.018
ii 0.01
Total

Table 1. Calculations for FBD of Cross-Section of the Clamp

Then, to find the location of centroid at the cross-section of the beam from the
base line,
Now, use equation (2), to find the moment of inertia for the two parts and the total
amount of inertia,
for the rectangle
for the circle

Figure 2. FBD of Cross-Section of the Beam

Given that the distances between the centroid and the midpoint of the parts in
Figure 2 are and . Also, taking centroid as the neutral axis, the vertical distances of
the top of the cross-section and bottom of the cross-section of beam away from
the neutral axis are and .
Then,
Thus,

Now, insert the values,

--- (3)

Second, to find vertical distances of point A and point B from the centroid,

Figure 3. FBD of Cross-Section of the Beam

Given that the vertical distances of point A and point B from the centroid in Figure
2 are and .

Figure 4. FBD of the Clamp Cut by Section a-a

Then, find the stress in Figure 4 due to centric load, given that and ,
Now, insert the values,

--- (4)
(a) To find the stress at point A,
First, find the perpendicular distance, use the formula ,

Now, insert the values,

Second, find the bending moment, use the formula ,

where P is the centric load and d is the perpendicular distance.

Now, insert the values, given that ,
Third, find the stress at point A due to bending, use equation (1), insert the values,

--- (5), it is a tensile stress due to positive value.

Fourth, superpose the stress due to centric load and stress due to the bending load,

--- (6)
Insert equation (4) and equation (5) into equation (6),
, it is a tensile stress.
(b) To find the stress at point B,
First, find the perpendicular distance, use the formula ,

Now, insert the values,

Second, find the bending moment, use the formula ,

where P is the centric load and d is the perpendicular distance.

Now, insert the values, given that ,
Third, find the stress at point A due to bending, use equation (1), insert the values,

--- (7), it is a compressive stress due to negative value.

Fourth, superpose the stress due to centric load and stress due to the bending load,

--- (8)
Insert equation (4) and equation (7) into equation (8),
, it is a compressive stress.
Here is the stress distribution at section C which is a superposition of axial and
bending distributions acting at centroid,

Figure 5. FBD of the Section C of the Figure 4

where and .
(c) To find the location of the neutral axis of section 𝑎−𝑎,
First, using the stress at point A and point B that has been obtained, find the total
stresses at section C in Figure 5,

Second, to find the neutral axis at section a-a in Figure 5, use the formula,

Then, re-arrange the formula,

Now, insert the values, given that and ,

Answer of Number 2
Knowing that the clamp shown has been tightened until , (a) the stress
at point A is in tension, (b) the stress at point B is in compression, and
(c) the location of the neutral axis of section is .
Due Date: 28 September 2022
th
Completed: 27th September 2022