Intellectual

Revolution
that defined
Society
Group 1
 C o p ern ican
Revolution
(Nicolaus
Copernicus
) shift h o w
This caused the paradigm the
earth and sun were placed in the
heaven/universe. It is the idea that
rejected Ptolemaic model by Claudius
Ptolemy (earth is the center if the
solar system) and proved the
Heliocentric model by Nicolaus
Copernicus (sun is the center of the
solar system having the earth revolving
around it). T his idea and m odel of
the universe w as essentially
Heliocentric m o d e l b y
Nicolaus Copernicus
Darwinian Revolution (Charles Darwin)
Charles Darwin is famous for his theory of evolution. H e changed our concept
of the world’s creation and evolution.
This has brought a great impact on h o w people approach Biology forever.
This revolution provided a different than the “Theory of Creation”. The
Darwinian revolution started w h e n Charles Darwin published his book “The
Origin of Species” in 1589 that emphasizes that huma ns are the results of an
evolution.
His book presented evidence on h o w species evolved over time and presented
traits and adaptation that differentiate species.
Darwinian Revolution (Charles Darwin)
 FREUDIAN REVOLUTION

Sigmund Freud

May 6, 1856- September 23, 1939

Father of Psychoanalysis
Vienna, Austria
Best known for theory unconscious, repression,
of psychosexual stages
 FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
PUBLISHED
WORKS

"Freudianism, like Darwanism, evolutionary in that it not merely

introduces fresh conceptions into a particular field of inquiry but in
some measure affects all our thinking, bring about a revaluation of
ideas."
- Anderson **
 FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
PSYCHOANALYSIS

Psychoanalytic theory states that the unconscious forces act

to determine personality and behavior.
Thoughts and behaviors arise from stress produced
by unconscious motives and unresolved childhood conflicts
Defence Mechanisms relieve anxiety
 FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
“Three Parts Psyche”
ID
·Unconscious realm of primitive instincts and desire for
immediate gratification
· Dominated by pleasure principle
·"I want it now"
SUPEREGO
· Unconscious
realm of
higher
morality
· Suppresses
any urges or
desires of the
id
·"You can't have it. It's not right."
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
 FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
Freud represented a paradigm shift and changed how we understand ourselves.
Freud's work has shaped our concept and meaning of identity, memory, childhood
and sexuality. His theories changed western culture in how we think and talk.
Psychoanalytic techniques continue to aid countless of Americans suffering from
mental health disorders.
 FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
INFORMATION REVOLUTION
Alan Turing’s machine introduced the idea that thinking and being
conscious could be attributed to nonhuman entities
 FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
The information revolution started from the
Sumerian pictographs
 FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
The invention of Gutenberg’s printing press in 1455
 FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
The use of typewriter and telegraph.
 FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
Today, these technologies are used widely which became
easier with the help of the internet.
 M e s o -A m e r i c a n
Mesoamerica refers to the diverse civilizations that
shared similar cultural characteristics in the
geographic areas comprising the modern-day
countries of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Belize,
El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.
 Cultural traits o f
meso-american
• complex pantheon of deities
• architectural features
• a ballgame
• the 260-day calendar
• trade
•food (especially a reliance on maize, beans, and
squash), dress, and accoutrements (additional
items that are worn or used by a person, such as
earspools).
We l l k n o w n cultures o f
meso-american
• Olmec
• Maya
• Zapotec
• Teotihuacan
• Mixtec, and
• Mexica or (Aztec)
 M e s o -A m e r i c a n
•The geography of Mesoamerica is incredibly
diverse—it includes humid tropical areas, dry
deserts, high mountainous terrain, and low coastal
plains
•“Mesoamerica” (meso is a Greek word for
“middle” or “intermediate”)
•In Mesoamerica, the area is sometimes called
either the greater southwest or greater
Mesoamerica.
• Mesoamerica was not homogenous
•Linguist believed that Mesoamerica speaks more
than 125 different languages.
 W ritin g
• Mesoamerican writing systems vary by culture.
• Rebus (writing with images)
•You might encounter the phrases “writing
without words” or “writing with signs” used to
describe many writing systems in Mesoamerica. It
is also called pictographic, ideographic, or picture
writing.
Religion a n d pantheon
o f gods
•A complex pantheon of gods existed within each
Mesoamerican culture.
•Mesoamerica included a storm/rain god and a
feathered serpent deity.
•Rain god was known as Tlaloc, serpent deity
known as Quetzalcoatl.
•Throughout Mesoamerica, there was a general
belief in the universe’s division along two axes:
one vertical, the other horizontal.
•At the center, where these two axes meet, is the
axis mundi, or the center (or navel) of the
universe. On the horizontal plane, four directions
branch off from the axis mundi.
 Quetzalcoatl (Feathered
Serpent), c. 1321-1521, 210 x
440 c m (National
Museum of
Anthropol ogy, Mexico)
Ball C o u r t M o d e l , M ex i c o , Nayarit,
c. 2 0 0 B . C . E . – 5 0 0 C . E . , ceramic
with slip a nd other pigments, 15.24
x 21.59 x 34.29 c m (Los Angeles
C o u n t y M u s e u m o f Art)
 C o d e x Fé jervary-
Mayer, 15th cen tu ry , f . 1
(W o rld M u s e u m ,
Liverpool)
 A S IA N
•the term "Asian" is more commonly associated
with people of South Asian origin, particularly
Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and Sri Lankans.
•In South Africa the term "Asian" is also usually
synonymous with the Indian race group.[4] East
Asians in South Africa, including Chinese were
classified either as Coloureds or as honorary
whites.
 A S IA N
•Asia is the biggest continent in the world and the home of
many ancient civilizations.
•It is a host to many cultural, economic, scientific, and
political activities of all ages.
•In the field of Science, technology, and mathematics,
great civilizations have stood out in India, China and Middle East.
•These civilizations were incomparable in terms of their
contributions to the development of knowledge during their times.
 IN D IA
•Is huge peninsula surrounded by the vast bodies of water
and fortified by huge mountains in its northern borders.
•Indians creatively developed various ideas
and technologies useful in their everyday lives.
 CONTRIBUTIONS:
1.) - Known for Manufacturing iron and in Metallurgical works.
- Their iron steel is considered to be the best and held with high
regard in the whole Roman Empire.
2. ) - India is famous in Medicine.
- Ayurveda, a system of traditional medicine that originated in
ancient India before 2500 BC, is still practiced as a form of
alternative medicine.
 CONTRIBUTIONS:
3.) – Ancient India is also notable in the field of
Astronomy.
- They developed theories and the configuration of the
universe, the spherical self-supporting Earth and a year
of 300 days with 12 equal parts of 30 day each.
4.) – Ancient India also known for their Mathematics.
- The earliest traces of mathematician knowledge in the
Indian subcontinent appeared in the Indus Valley
civilization.
 CONTRIBUTIONS:
- These people of this civilization, tried to standardized
measurement of length to a high degree of accuracy and designed a
ruler, the Mohenjo-Daro ruler.
•
5.) India Astronomer and Mathematician Aryabhata, in his
Aryabhatiya introduced a number of trigonometric functions,
tables, and techniques as well as algorithms of algebra.
 C H IN A
•Is one of the ancient civilization with substantial
contributions in many areas of like
life mathematics, arts, philosophy,
astronomy, science, medicine,
and
music.
•Chinese civilization have greatly influenced many of its
neighboring countries like Korea, Japan, Philippines,
Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, and other
countries that belong to the Old Silk Road.
 CONTRIBUTIONS:
1.) - Chinese are known for traditional medicines.
- They discovered various of medical properties and uses
different plants and animals to cure human illness.
2.) - In terms of Technology, Chinese are known to develop
tools.
- Compass, paper making, gunpowder, and printing tools were
the famous discoveries and inventions of the Chinese civilization
that became known in the West only by the end of the Middle Ages.
 CONTRIBUTIONS:
-They also invested other tools like iron plough,
wheelbarrow and propeller.
-Also, They developed a design of different models of
bridges invented the first seismological detector, and
developed dry dock facility.
3.) Chinese also made significant records and supernovas,
lunar and solar eclipses, and comets, which were carefully
recorded and preserved to better understand the
heavenly bodies and their effects on our world.
4.) Chinese are also known in seismology. This made more
prepared in times of Natural calamities.
 M IDD LE EAST
• Middle East are dominantly occupied by Muslims.
•Muslim Scientists placed greater value on science
experiments rather than plain-thought
experiment.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF
FA M O U S M U S L I M
SCIENTISTS:
• Ibn al-Haytham
- Is regarded as the Father of Optics, especially for
his empirical proof of the intromission of light.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF
FA M O U S M U S L I M
SCIENTISTS:
• Muhammad ibn Musa al-khwarizmi
- Gave his name to concept the algorithm while
the term algebra is derived from al-jabar, the
beginning of the title of one of his publications.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF
FA M O U S M U S L I M
SCIENTISTS:
• Jabir ibn Hayyan
- Considered to be the “Father of Chemistry”.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF
FA M O U S M U S L I M
SCIENTISTS:
• Ibn Sina
-Pioneered the science of experimental medicine
and was the first physician to conduct clinical
trials.
-His notable works in medicine, the Book of
Healing and The Canon of Medicine, were used as
standard medical texts in both Muslim and Europe
during the 17th century.
 AFRICAN
• Africa is blessed w/ natural and mineral resources.
•Science also emerged in this part of the planet long
before the Europeans colonized it. The history of science
and mathematics show that similar to other civilizations,
the early civilization in Africa are knowledge producers
too.
 CONTRIBUTIONS:
1.The Ancient Egyptian civilization has contributed
immensely and made significant advances in the
fields of Astronomy, Mathematics, and Medicine.
2.Egypt was known to be a center of alchemy,
which is know as the medieval forerunner of
chemistry.
 CONTRIBUTIONS:
3.Astronomy was also famous in the African region. For
instance, documents show that Africans used three types
calendars; lunar, solar, and stellar or a combination of the
three.
4.Metallurgy was also known in the Africans regions
during the ancient times. They invented metal tools used
in their homes, in agriculture, and in building their
magnificent architecture.
 CONTRIBUTIONS:
5. Mathematics was also known to be prominent in
the life of early people in the African continent.
The Lemombo Bone from the mountains between
Swaziland and South Africa, which may have
been a tool for multiplication, division,
and simple mathematical calculation
or a six- month lunar calendar is
considered to the oldest known
mathematical artifact dated from 35,000 BCE.
Group
1
H anah P. Espital
Julia Sue Zellah Vallescas
Daisy Mae Tuibuen
Ruve E. Mabilanga
References
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/d

mc-college-foundation/science-
technology-and-society/intellectual-
revolutions-that-defined-
society/16481098 https://
www.khanacademy.org/humanitie s/art-
americas/beginners-guide-art-of- the-
americas/mesoamerica-
beginner/a/mesoamerica-an-
introduction#:~:text=Skip%20to%20main,
Cookie%20Notice
•Serafica, J. et.al. (2018). Science,
Technology and Society. Rex Printing
Company, Inc, First Edition, 2018.