INTELLECTUAL

REVOLUTION THAT
DEFINED SOCIETY
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
• At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

A. Discuss how the ideas postulated by Copernicus, Darwin and

Freud contributed to the spark of scientific revolution; And
B. Analyze how scientific revolution is done in various parts of the
World like in Latin America, East Asia, Middle East and Africa.
How can Science be defined?

Science as an
Science is an
Intellectual
Idea
Activity

Science as
Science as a
Personal and
Body of
Social
Knowledge
activity
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
• Series of events that marked the
emergence of modern science during the
early modern period, when the
development in the field of
mathematics, physics, astronomy,
biology and chemistry transformed the
views of society about nature.
3 NOTABLE
SCIENTIST
 Nicolaus Copernicus
 Appointed as canon at Frombork Cathedral in Poland
 His idea and Model of the Universe placed the Sun to be the centerpiece of
the universe
 He was influenced by a book Epitome published in 1946, John Mueller
 He outlined two kinds of planetary motion:
(1) the orbits of Venus and Mercury lay inside the orbit of the earth, thus,
closer to the sun: and
(2) the orbits of Mars, Saturn and Jupiter lay outside the Earth's orbit, thus ,
farther from the Sun. From this model, he would work on the length of time it
will take for each planet to orbit once around the Sun.
COPERNICUS MODEL
GEOCENTRIC VS HELIOCENTRIC
 Charles Darwin
 Famous for his theory of evolution
 He published his book The Origin of Species in 1589. His book
presented evidence on how species evolved overtime and
presented traits and adaptation that differentiate species.
 In his book The Descent of Man, he introduced the idea of all
organic life, including human being, under the realm of
evolutionary thinking.
 His unorthodox way of pursuing science gave more value to
evidence-based science. It is a science marked by observation and
experiment.
FOUR FINCHES
NATURAL SELECTION
Sigmund Freud
 Famous in the Field of Psychology.
 He studied the humans inner life which is called
psychoanalysis.
 Is a scientific way to study the human mind and
neurotic illness
 His method of psychoanalysis was proven to be
effective in understanding some neurological
conditions that were not understood by
medicine at that time.
Cradles of
Early Science
•Development of Science in
Mesoamerica
• Maya Civilization
• Inca Civilization
• Aztec civilization
Maya Civilization

 One of the civilization that lasted for approximately 2000 years.

 They are known for their work in astronomy
 They are also known in measuring time using calendar systems
 They built hydraulic system to supply water to different communities
Maya Civilization
 Maya Civilization

Development of Science in
Mesoamerica
• The Mayans built looms for
weaving cloth and devised a
rainbow of glittery paints of
made mineral mica.
 Maya Civilization
 First people to produce rubber Mayan Hieroglyphics
products
 Development of Science in
Cradle Mesoamerica

s of
•Inca civilization
 Roads paved with stones
Early  Stone buildings that
surmounted earthquakes
Scienc  Irrigation system and

e
Technique for storing water
 Calendar with 12 months
INCA
CIVILIZATION
INCA CIVILIZATION

First suspension
bridge
Quipu- A system
of knotted roads to
keep records
Inca Textiles
 Cradles of
Early Science

Development of Science in
Mesoamerica
 Aztec civilization
• Mandatory
Education
• Calmecac &
Telpochcalli
 • Chocolates
• Antispasmodic
Aztec medication
Civilization • Chinampa
• Aztec Calendar
• Invention of the canoe
Aztec
Civilization
Development of Science
in Asia
India
China
Middle East Countries
Topic 2 Asia
The biggest continent in the world and the home of
many ancient civilization
Host of many cultural, economic , scientific, and political
activities of all ages
 INDIA
They are famous in :
Metal works
Medicine
Astronomy
Mathematics
INDIA
Metal Works
They are known for
manufacturing iron and in
metallurgical works
Considered to be the best
and held with high regard
in the whole Roman Empire
 INDIA

Medicine
Ayurveda- system of traditional
medicine that originated in
ancient India before 2500 BC and
still practiced as a form of
alternative medicine
Sushruta Samhita- describe
different surgical and other
medical procedures famous in
India
INDIA
Astronomy
 Siddhanta Shiromani-
Mean longitudes of the planets; true
longitude of the planets; the three
problems of diurnal rotation; syzygies
lunar eclipse & solar eclipses latitudes of
the planets with each other conjunctions
of the planets with the stars
fixed parts of the sun and moon
India

MATHEMATICS
China
China

 Chinese are known for

traditional medicines.
Example is the practice
of acupuncture
 In terms of technology,
their discoveries and
inventions were
compass, papermaking,
gunpowder and printing
tools.
 China
 They also invented tools like
iron plough, wheel barrow
and propeller.
 They developed the design
of different models of
bridges
 They invented the
first seismological detector
 Developed a dry dock facility
  In the field of astronomy, they
made significant records on
supernovas, lunar , solar eclipse
and comets
China  They observed the heavenly
bodies to understand weather
changes and seasons
 They used lunar calendars
 Known in seismology
Middle East Countries
 Muslim scientists placed greater value on
science experiments

Muslim scientist, lbn al-Haytham is regarded as

Middle the father of Optics.

East Mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa al-

Countries Khwarizmi gave his name the concept of
algorithm
Algebra- derived from Al-jabr
 Arabic Numeral System originally came from
India

Jabir ibn Hayyan to be the "father of Chemistry"

Middle
East Ibn Sina pioneered the science of experimental
Countries medicine and the first physician to conduct
clinical trials
His 2 notable works were: The Book of Healing
and The Canon of Medicine
AFRICAN
REGION
 African Region
o They used geometry to:
Preserve ownership of farmlands, build early homes
and cities and early dams
o Egypt was known to be the center of alchemy
o Africa used three types of calendars: Lunar, solar &
stellar or a combination of three
o Metallurgy was also known in Africa regions-
imported iron technology from Near East region
o Mathematics, they had Lebombo Bone from the
mountains between Swaziland and South Africa