5.

0
GLASS AND
GLAZING
PREPARED BY:

AR. MARY CLAIRE G. YALUNG, uap

INSTRUCTOR - BT1
GLASS
THE MAJOR INGREDIENT OF GLASS IS
SAND (SILICON DIOXIDE). A HARD BRITTLE
INORGANIC SUBSTANCE, ORDINARILY
TRANSPARENT OR TRANSLUCENT;
PRODUCED BY MELTING OF SILICA, A FLUX
AND A STABILIZER; WHILKE MOLTEN
MAYBE BLOWN, DRAWN, ROLLED, PRESSED
OR CAST TO A VARIETY OF SHAPES.
DURING ITS MANUFACTURED, ORDINARY
WINDOW GLASS IS ANNEALED, COOLED
SLOWLY UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITION,
TO AVOID LOCKED-IN THERMAL STRESSES
THAT MIGHT CAUSE IT TO BEHAVE 2

UNPREDICTABLY IN USE.
GLASS

THICKNESS OF GLASS
GLASS IS TYPICALLY
MANUFACTURED IN A SERIES OF
THICKNESS RANGING FROM
APPROXIMATELY 2.5mm, THROUGH
3mm, IS CALLED SINGLE-STRENGTH,
OR 6mm TO 22mm, IS CALLED
DOUBLE-STRENGTH, AND ON SPECIAL
ORDER, 25mm IS AVAILABLE

3
TYPES OF CLEAR GLASS
1. TEMPERED GLASS-
TEMPERED GLASS IS PRODUCED BY CUTTING
ANNEALED GLASS TO THE REQUIRED SIZES FOR USE,
REHEATING IT TO APPROXIMATELY 1200 DEGREES
FAHRENHEIT, COOLING BOTH ITS SURFACES RAPIDLY
WITH A BLAST OF AIR WHILE ITS CORE COOLS MUCH
MORE SLOWLY.
TYPES OF CLEAR GLASS
1. TEMPERED GLASS-
 “
2. HEAT-STRENGTH GLASS
THE HEAT-STRENGTHENED PROCESS IS
SIMILAR TO TEMPERING, BUT ITS ABOUT ONE-
THIRD AS HIGH AS TEMPERED GLASS IN TERMS
OF BENDING AND STRENGTH.

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3. LAMINATED GLASS

IT IS MADE BY SANDWICHING A
TRANSPARENT VINYL INTERLAYER
BETWEEN SHEETS OF GALSS AND
BONDING THE THREE LAYERS TOGETHER
UNDER HEAT AND PRESSURE WHEN ITS
BREAKS. THE SOFT VINYL HOLDS THE
SHARDS OF GLASS IN PLACE RATHER
THAN ALLOWING THEM TO FALL OUT OF
THE FRAME.

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LAMINATED GLASS

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4. PATTERNED OR ROLLED AND ROUGH
CAST GLASS

HOT GLASS CAN BE ROLLED INTO

SHEETS WITH MANY DIFFERENT SURFACE
PATTERNS FOR USE WHERE LIGHT
TRANSMISSION IS DESIRED BUT VISION
MUST BE OBSCURED FOR PRIVACY

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PATTERNED OR ROLLED AND ROUGH
CAST GLASS

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PATTERNED OR ROLLED AND ROUGH
CAST GLASS

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5. SPANDREL GLASS

SPECIAL OPAQUE GLASSES ARE

PRODUCED FOR COVERING THE
SPANDREL AREA IN GLASS
CURTAIN. IT IS USUALLY TEMPERED
OR HEAT-STRENGTHENED TO
RESIST THE THERMAL STRESSES
THAT CAN CAUSED BY
ACCUMULATIONS OF SOLAR HEAT
BEHIND THE SPANDREL.
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SPANDREL GLASS

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6. WIRED GLASS

SIMPLY A ROLLED GALSS INTO

WHICH WIRE MESH IS INSERTED
DURING THE PROCESS OF
MANUFACTURE. THE WIRE GREATLY
INCREASES THE RESISTANCE TO
SHATERRING THROUGH IMPACT. ITS
USE FOR SAFETY GLAZING,
ESPECIALLY DURING THE WARM PART
OF THE YEAR.
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WIRED GLASS

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 TINTED AND REFLECTED
COATED GLASS

1. TINTED GLASS

TINTED GLASS IS MADE BY ADDING

SMALL AMOUNTS OF SELECTED
CHEMICAL ELEMENTS TO THE MOLTEN
GLASS MIXTURE TO PRODUCE THE
DESIRED HUE AND INTENSITY OF
COLOR IN GRAYS, BRONZES, BLUES,
GREEN AND GOLDS.
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TINTED AND REFLECTED
COATED GLASS

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TINTED AND REFLECTED
COATED GLASS

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2. REFLECTIVE COATED GLASS

REFLECTIVE COATED GLASS

APPEAR AS MIRROR FROM THE
OUTSIDE ON A BRIGHT DAY AND
AT NIGHT, WITH LIGHTS ON
INSIDE THE BUILDING, THEY
APPEAR AS DARK BUT
TRANSPARENT.

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REFLECTIVE COATED GLASS

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REFLECTIVE COATED GLASS

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3. INSULATING GLASS

A SECOND SHEET OF GLASS

APPLIED TO A WINDOW WITH AN
AIRSPACE BETWEEN THE
SHEETS CUTS THIS RATE OF
HEAT LOSS IN HALF. TWO KINDS
OF EDGES SEALS ARE FUSED
GLASS EDGES AND A METAL
SPLINE AND ORGANIC SEALANT.
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INSULATING GLASS

SECTION OF INSULATING GLASS

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INSULATING GLASS

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GLASS PRODUCTS

1. GLASS BLOCKS-
COMPARABLE IN MANY WAYS TO
UNIT MASONRY BUT HAVE THE ADDED
FEATURE OF TRANSMITTING LIGHT.
THEY ARE MADE INTO TWO SEPARATE
HALVES, WHICH ARE HEAT-SEALED
TOGETHER FROM TO FORM A HALLOW
UNIT WITH REASONABLY HIGH
THERMAL EFFICIENCY AND SOUND
INSULATION. 27
TWO TYPES OF GLASS BLOCKS

1. FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS- DIRECT OR

DIFFUSE THE DAYLIGHT WHICH
PASSES THROUGH THEM TO IMPROVE
THE ILLUMINATION ON THE BUILDING
INTERIOR.

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THREE STYLES OF FUNCTIONAL
GLASS BLOCKS:

a.) LIGHT DIRECTING BLOCK- DIRECTS

INCOMING LIGHT UPWARD TOWARD
THE CEILING.
b.) A LIGHT DIFFUSING BLOCK-
DIFFUSES INCOMING LIGHT EVENLY
THROUGHOUT THE INTERIOR OF THE
ROOM.
c.) DECORATIVELY OR
ARCHITECTURAL GLASS- AVAILABLE
IN A WIDE RANGE OF STYLES AND
PATTERNS. 29
GLASS BLOCKS DESIGN

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GLASS BLOCKS

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 “Make big plans; aim high in hope and work,
remembering that a noble, logical diagram once
recorded will not die.”

“Make no little plans; they have no magic to stir

men’s blood.”
- DANIEL BURNHAM

THANK YOU FOR

LISTENING!!!

R. McGrath, A.C. Frost: Glass in Architecture and

Decoration (Architectural Press, London 1961)Google Scholar
Pilkington website: 
http://www.pilkington.com/pilkington-information/about+pilkington/ed
ucation/default.htm
 (consulted May 2017)
EN 572-2: Glass in Building – Basic Soda Lime Silicate Glass PREPARED BY:
Products – Part 2: Float Glass (CEN, Brussels 2004)
 Arnel P. Ramos, architect AR. MARY CLAIRE G. YALUNG,
Architectural Graphics Standard- Ramsey/ Sleeper
uap