NORTHERN IRELAND

Spita Petru
Tarachiu Paul
Stanciu Patrick
Artemie Davide
Campian Codrin
Prodan Dragos
Contents
Location
Relief
Climate
Settlements
Waters
Population
Energy
Industry
Agriculture
Transport
Tourism
Location
Northern Ireland is a
constituent country of the
United Kingdom located in
the north-east of the island of
Ireland. It is surrounded by
the Atlantic Ocean to the
north and east, and the Irish
Sea to the east and south. To
the south and west, Northern
Ireland is bordered by the
Republic of Ireland.
Relief
Northern Ireland is a country with a diverse landscape,
characterized by rolling hills, fertile plains, and rugged coastline.
The country's relief can be divided into several distinct areas,
each with its own unique topography.
The Antrim Plateau is located in the north of Northern Ireland
and is characterized by gently rolling hills, heaths, and bogs.
This area is home to some of the country's most spectacular
scenery, including the famous Giant's Causeway, a natural
wonder made up of hexagonal basalt columns.
The Midland Valley is located in the central part of Northern
Ireland and is a low-lying area characterized by fertile plains and
rolling hills. This region is known for its rich agricultural land
and is an important center for farming and food production.
The Mourne Mountains are located in the south-east of
Northern Ireland and are a range of rugged, rocky peaks. The
highest peak in Northern Ireland, Slieve Donard, is located in
this range and stands at an elevation of 2,796 feet.
The coastline of Northern Ireland is rugged and dramatic, with
cliffs, bays, and sandy beaches. The North Antrim Coast is
particularly famous for its scenic beauty, with landmarks such as
the Giant's Causeway and the Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge.
Overall, the relief of Northern Ireland is characterized by its
diverse and dramatic landscapes, which offer a range of
opportunities for outdoor activities and sightseeing.
Climate
Northern Ireland has a temperate
maritime climate with cool summers and
mild winters. The average temperature
ranges from 5°C (41°F) in January to 14°C
(57°F) in July. The region experiences
significant rainfall throughout the year,
with the wettest months being October
to January. The proximity to the Atlantic
Ocean and prevailing westerly winds
bring moist air, which contributes to the
high rainfall levels. These climatic
conditions are ideal for the growth of
grass, which supports the region's
important agricultural industry.
Settlements
Northern Ireland has a diverse range of settlements,
from large cities to small rural villages. The two
largest cities are Belfast and Derry/Londonderry,
both of which have a rich history and cultural
heritage. Belfast is the capital city and is a major
center for industry, commerce, and tourism.
Derry/Londonderry is known for its historic walls,
which encircle the city center, and its cultural
heritage, including its association with the Irish
Troubles.
 In addition to these cities, there are numerous
small towns and rural settlements throughout
Northern Ireland. Many of these rural settlements
have a strong connection to the land and
agricultural heritage, which has been an important
part of the region's economy for centuries. The rural
settlements are also home to a rich cultural
heritage, including traditional music and dance,
which are celebrated in local festivals and events.
Waters
Northern Ireland is home to some of the
most breathtaking bodies of water in the
world. From the rolling waves of the
Atlantic Ocean to the tranquil stillness of
Lough Neagh, the largest freshwater lake in
the British Isles, Northern Ireland's waters
are a testament to the region's natural
beauty. The River Bann, the longest river in
Northern Ireland, is a hub of activity for
boating, fishing, and swimming. The
Causeway Coast is famous for its dramatic
cliffs and secluded beaches, including the
iconic Giant's Causeway, a geological
wonder made up of thousands of hexagonal
basalt columns. Overall, Northern Ireland's
waters offer a rich tapestry of experiences
for locals and visitors alike.
Population
Northern Ireland is a part of the United
Kingdom and has a population of
approximately 1.9 million people. The
population is predominantly white with a
small minority of ethnic groups such as
Indian, Chinese, and Polish. The
population is evenly split between
Catholics and Protestants, with a small
percentage of those who identify as neither.
The population is concentrated in the cities
of Belfast and Derry, but there are also
smaller cities and rural areas with smaller
populations. Northern Ireland has a
relatively young population, with a high
proportion of people aged 18 to 34. The
population is expected to continue to grow
in the future, with an estimated increase of
around 1% per year.
Energy
Northern Ireland has many types
of energy sources such as:coal,
oil, gas, wind, solar, hydro and
other renewable sources.
Northern Ireland's electrical
grid is operated by the System
Operator for Northern Ireland
and the distribution is managed
by the Northern Ireland
Electricity which owns and
manages the infrastructure
which connects over 850,000
customers.
Industry
Machinery and equipment
manufacturing, food
processing, textile and electronics manuf
acturing are the leading industries.
Other industries such
as papermaking, furniture manufacturin
g, aerospace and shipbuilding are also
important, concentrated mostly in the
eastern parts of Northern Ireland.
Engineering is the largest manufacturing
sub-sector in Northern Ireland,
particularly in the fields of aerospace and
heavy machinery. Major employers
are Moy Park, Spirit
Aerosystems, Caterpillar and Seagate.
Agriculture
Northern Ireland has a long and rich
history of agriculture, which has been
the backbone of its economy for
centuries. The country is renowned for
its fertile land, and its farmers have been
producing crops and livestock of the
highest quality for generations.
The agriculture industry in Northern
Ireland employs a significant portion of
the population, and plays an important
role in supporting the rural
communities. The main crops grown in
Northern Ireland are potatoes, barley,
wheat, and sugar beet, while the most
commonly raised livestock are cattle,
sheep, and pigs.
 Transport
Northern Ireland has underdeveloped
transport infrastructure, with most
infrastructure concentrated around Greater
Belfast, Greater Derry, and Craigavon.
Northern Ireland is served by three airports –
Belfast International near Antrim, George Best
Belfast City integrated into the railway
network at Sydenham in East Belfast, and City
of Derry in County Londonderry.
Major seaports at Larne and Belfast carry
passengers and freight between Great Britain
and Northern Ireland.Passenger railways are
operated by Northern Ireland Railways. With
Iarnród Éireann , Northern Ireland Railways
co-operates in providing the joint Enterprise
service between Dublin Connolly and Lanyon
Place.
Tourism
Northern Ireland has traditionally had
an industrial economy, most notably in
shipbuilding, rope manufacture, and
textiles, but the heaviest industry has
since been replaced by services,
primarily the public sector.
Seventy percent of the economy's
revenue comes from the service sector.
Apart from the public sector, another
important service sector is tourism,
which rose to account for over 1% of the
economy's revenue in 2004. Tourism
has been a major growth area since the
end of the Troubles. Key tourism
attractions include the historic cities of
Derry, Belfast, and Armagh and the
many castles in Northern Ireland.
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