Man’s Social

and Cultural
Background
“Change is the only
permanent thing in
this world.”
- Heraclitus
In Society today, we can see a
lot of changes and
developments that affects
our life.
1. Machines
2. Computers
3. Genetic engineering
(changes such as these have resulted in
the modernization of nation – states)
 NATION - STATE
- is a sovereign state
whose citizens or
subjects have a
common culture.
PERSONAL IDENTITY
- Is the concept you
develop about yourself that
evolves over the course of
your life.
- is both cultural and
political
David Bohm - each
individual already
contains the whole
information field
of society
 SCHWARTS – the culture of
any society represents an
adaptation or adjustment to
the various conditions of
life, including their physical,
social, and supernatural
environment.
What contributes to man’s
development?
1. Geographical features
2. Climatic Conditions
3. Historical Experiences
(it is also a reference of
differentiation among people such
as race, customs and traditions.)
Edward B. Tyler
- Culture refers to that complex
whole which includes
1. Knowledge 4. Morals
2. Beliefs 5. Laws
3. Arts 6. Customs
 Significance of
Studying
Culture, Society
and Politics
CULTURE
CULTURE
- To understand man’s
social experience, it is
necessary to make a wider
analysis of man’s
relationship to his natural
environment.
CULTURE(Mark Banaag)
Culture functions in the
following ways and from
which we can realize the
significance of culture as
well:
1. Culture makes it
possible for man to adapt
and integrate himself to
his environment by being
creative and resourceful in
coming up with ways and
means of survival.
2. Culture establishes
patterns of acceptable social
behavior such as etiquette,
protocols, good manners and
right conduct, roles and
duties, etc. as established by
folkways, mores and laws.
3. Culture conveys and
facilitates meanings through
verbal and non – verbal
communication, written and
non – written language,
forms of expression and
symbolisms.
4. Culture produces man –
made things such as
clothing, tools, instruments,
machines, equipment,
structures, etc. made
possible by technological
know – how.
5. Culture contributes to
overall human satisfaction as
we develop ways to make life
more enjoyable, more
comfortable, easier, and more
rewarding such as recreational
activities, leisure,
entertainment and arts, etc.
Therefore, culture creates
the identities of individuals
which are distinct from one
another. Geographical or
territorial boundaries
contribute to cultural
diversities of human society.
SOCIETY
 As individuals continued
to interact, societies were
formed. It is a product of
human social processes
intended to meet basic
needs for survival.
Every society is organized in
such a way that there are
rules of conduct, customs,
traditions, folkways and
mores and expectations
that ensure appropriate
behavior among members.
 Society is an important
product of human
interaction and
interconnectedness. It
symbolizes the group within
which human beings can
live a total common life.
GROUPS
1. Peer Groups
2. Social Organization
- family kinship groups
- economic group
- political group
- religious group
- educational group
3. Communities
 REPRESEN-
TATION OF
OUR
IDENTITY

AVENUE FOR SIGNIFICANCE CHARACTERIZE

ECONOMIC OF STUDYING THE TOTALITY
INTER - SOCIETY OF A
DEPENDENCE TERRITORY

SYMBOL OF
POLITICAL
INDEPENDENCE
POLITICS
 Sometimes people tend to
associate politics with power. This
connotation was formed through
man’s relationship with other
people. It is a struggle and a
compromise between the
powerful and powerless, the
haves and the have-nots.
 There are different
perceptions about
politics. According to
Ricardo Lazo, politics may
be viewed in different
ways:
 CONSENSUS
AND
COMPROMISE

ACADEMICS SOCIETY

POLITICS
POWER AND
PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION
OF RESOURCES
AFFAIR
ART OF
GOVERN-
MENT
These perspectives show
the wide- ranging ideas
about politics which
affect the life of every
individual specially on
human relationship.
Politics talks about collective
decision of individuals based
on defined rules of society.
These rules bind people
together in order to preserve
culture and improve human
life.
Haque defines POLITICS
in different ways but
whatever definition is
attached to it, there are
FOUR important points
inherent to it:
COLLECTIVE
ACTIVITY

INITIAL
DIVERSITY
OF VIEWS
RECONCI-
LIATION OF
DIFFERENCE

AUTHORI-
TATIVE
POLICY
a. Politics is a collective
activity, involving people who
accept a common membership
or at least acknowledge a
shared fate.
b. Politics presumes an initial
diversity of views, if not about
goals then least about means;
c. Politics involves reconciling
differences through discussion
and persuasion;
d. Political decisions become
authoritative policy for a group,
binding members to decisions
that are implemented by force if
necessary.