The Organization of the

Components into Sub-

system
 System

╸ implies an orderly arrangement, an

interrelationship of parts.
╸  every part has a fixed place and definite
role to play

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Society

╸ as a system of interrelated mutually

dependent parts which cooperate to preserve
a recognizable whole and to satisfy some
purposes or goal.

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Social system

╸ Social system refers to’ an orderly arrangement,

an interrelationships of parts.
╸ Every part has a fixed place and definite role to
play. The parts are bound by interaction. 

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Social system

╸ Social system is a comprehensive arrangement.

It takes its orbit all the diverse subsystems such
as the economic, political, religious and others
and their interrelation too. 

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The structure of the relational-
context of evaluative action-
orientations
Problem of order in
social systems

╸ Social order is a term that is contrary to social disorder. It

is that stable situation in which a society is meant to work.
Since, society is a collection of various components.
Social order is maintained for all the components to work
for the prosperity of nation as a whole.
Facilities

╸ Materials, equipment, premises and the like; they

are possessions devoted to the “production” of
further “utilities”, that is destined to be used as
means to some future goal rather than objects of
immediate gratification.

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Cooperation

- Is a closer mode of the integration of instrumental activities. It means

the meshing of activities or contributions in such a way
that the outcome is a unit which a unit can enter into the exchange
process.

-A system of cooperative relationships may be called an organization.

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Economic problem

- An economic problem generally means the problem of

making choices that occurs because of the scarcity of
resources.

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Political Science

╸ Concerned with the power relations within the

institutional system and with a broader aspect
of settlement of terms.

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Rewards

╸ The category of rewards being treated as directly

parallel with that of facilities.
╸ Always an object of immediate gratification.

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Diffuseness vs.
Specificity

╸ a pattern variable in the present context defines role-

expectation
╸ “specificity” and “diffuseness” role
╸ Specificity- People enter into relationships with others
to satisfy particular needs.
╸ Diffuseness- People enter into relationship with others
to satisfy a large range of needs.

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The Modalities of Objects as
Foci of Role-Expectations

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Particularism vs
Universalism

╸ Particularism- individuals act differently towards

particular people.

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Particularism vs
Universalism

╸ Universalism- individuals act according to universal

principles.
Ex. Everyone is equal before the law, so a policewoman
would arrest her husband if necessary.

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Three (3) primary
relational attributes of the
organism

╸ Biological position
╸ Spatial or territorial location
╸ Temporal location

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Biological position

╸ By biological position is meant the place of alter

relative to ego in the concatenations of sexual
reproduction and descent, what is sometimes called
the "biological structure of kinship."

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Territorial location

╸ this is meant, given the spatial position of ego

as organism at a given time, the relation to this
of the position in space at which alter is located.

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Temporal location

╸ It allows the combination of

location and time into a single
filter

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Community

╸ It is where the people work, play and live.

╸ It is a group or people who occupy a common contagious
territory, possessed of a common sets of tradition associated
with their living together in the territory, and served by a set
of local institutions in which the people are conscious of
their common interest.

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Economic Subsystem

╸ main occupation, the wages, the mode of

payment, the assets, expenditure pattern etc.
╸ It dictates the living standards within a
community

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Political
Subsystem

╸ power is a mental notion and it is real which is

used for some sections of the society. 
╸ Who has the power in the community?
╸ What are the bases of power?
╸ How is power utilized?

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Social Subsystem

╸ social structure referring marriage, family,

caste system, religious beliefs, values, etc. are
some of the aspects to be studied.

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Residential location

╸ An area where structures in which people lodge

or live are located

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Performance-
capacities

╸ The ability to perform an act, based on the status of

one’s mental and physical capabilities, as well as
lived experiences.
╸ are attributes which may function as ascriptive
criteria.

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Status-classes or
categories

╸ a large proportion of statuses also involve collectivity

memberships
╸ members of a status class are classed together by virtue of a
common attribute of their place or "location" in the social
structure, or of a common attribute which is relevant to such
status as a determinant or a symbol of status.

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Ecological subsystem

╸ Is a biological community consisting of all the living

organisms in a particular area and the non-living
components such as air, water and mineral soil.

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The solidarity of the
collectivity

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Collective-orientation

╸ People put the interests of the social groups to

which they belong before their own interest.
╸ involves posing the "question of confidence"; "are
you one of us or not? your attitude on this question
decides.“

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Self-orientation

╸ People pursue their own interest first, rather

than those of the social group to which they
belong.

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