ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

TECHNOLOGY
EL1201L

Prepared by: Engr. Dexrey John P. Quizan, MsEE

 THE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
A practical electric circuit has at least four parts:

(1) a source of electromotive force,

(2) conductors,
(3) a load, and
(4) a means of control
Circuit Analysis
Circuit Analysis
 Resistance - Definition

The opposition to the flow of charge through an electrical circuit is called

resistance

and has the units of ohms and uses the Greek letter omega ( ) as its symbol.
Resistance - Symbol
Factors affecting Resistance
Resistivity Table
Resistance
Resistance - Formula
 Resistance - Analysis

the higher the resistivity, the greater is the resistance of a conductor

the longer the conductor, the greater is the resistance

the greater the area of a conductor, the less is the resistance

 Circular Mils (CM)
It is the quantity used in most commercial wire tables.
The mil is a unit of measurement for length and is
related to the inch by
 Circular Mils (CM) - Trivia

The phrase milling used in steel factories is derived from the fact that a
few mils of material are often removed by heavy machinery such as a
lathe, and the thickness of steel is usually measured in mils.
Circular Mils (CM) - Definition

a wire with a diameter of 1 mil has an area of 1 CM

Circular Mils (CM) - Definition
a wire with a diameter of 1 mil has an area of 1 CM
Formula for Area of a circular wire
Additional Formula
Verification of the Formula
 Example 1

What is the resistance of a 100 ft length of copper wire

with a diameter of 0.020 in. at 20°C?
 Example 2
An undetermined number of feet of wire have been used
from the carton. Find the length of the remaining copper wire if
it has a diameter of 1/16 in. and a resistance of 0.5ohms.
 Example 3
What is the resistance of a copper bus-bar, as used in the
power distribution panel of a high-rise office building, with the
dimensions indicated in the figure?
 TEMPERATURE EFFECTS

Temperature has a significant effect on the resistance of conductors,

semiconductors, and insulators.
 TEMPERATURE EFFECTS
Temperature has a significant effect on the resistance of conductors,
semiconductors, and insulators.
 Conductors

for good conductors, an increase in temperature results in an

increase in the resistance level. Consequently, conductors have a
positive temperature coefficient.
 Insulators

As with semiconductors, an increase in temperature results in a

decrease in the resistance of an insulator. The result is a negative
temperature coefficient.
TYPES OF RESISTORS
 Ohm’s Law
V- Voltage

V = IR
I – Current
R - Resistance