PROSODIC  STRESS

 INTONATION
PHONOLOGY  REPORTER: BABY LYN O. EUSEBIO-
MA-ENGLISH
WORD STRESS
WHAT IS STRESS?
 It is the rhythm of a language.
 In pronunciation, stress can refer to words,
part of a word, or even one word in a group of
words that receives the most emphasis.
 Stressed syllables are louder than n o n -
stressed syllables, also, they are longer and
have a higher pitch.
 It also helps us distinguish words from noun
to verb.
ACTIVITY:
1) Holiday 1) HOliday
2) Alone 2) aLONE
3) Admiration 3) ADmiRAtion
4) Confidential 4) CONfiDENtial
5) Degree 5) DEgree
6) Weaker 6) WEAKer
7) Nervous 7) NERvous
8) Parents 8) PArents
NOUNS VERBS
PROject proJECT
OBject obJECT
CONvict conVICT
PREsent preSENT
SUSpect susPECT
Record reCORD
CONtrast conTRAST
Insult inSULT
CONflict conFLICT
THREE BASIC PATTERNS OF
STRESS IN SYLLABLES:
MONOSYLLABIC

BYSYLLABIC

MULTISYLLABIC
FOUR GENERAL RULES ABOUT
WORD STRESS
1. STRESS THE FIRST SYLLABLE OF:
Most two-syllable nouns: CLImate,
KNOWledge
Most two-syllable adjectives: FLIPpant,
SPAcious
2. STRESS THE LAST SYLLABLE OF:
Most two-syllable verbs: reQUIRE, deCIDE
FOUR GENERAL RULES ABOUT
WORDS STRESS
3. STRESS THE SECOND-TO-LAST SYLLABLE
OF:
Words that end in –ic: ecSTATic,
geoGRAPHic
Words ending in –sion, -tion: exTENsion,
retriBUtion
4. STRESS THE THIRD-FROM-LAST SYLLABLE
OF:
Words that end in –cy, -ty, -p hy and –gy :
deMOCracy, unCERtainty, geOGraphy,
SENTENCE AND PHRASE
STRESS
WHAT IS SENTENCE AND PHRASE
STRESS?
Sentence stress is the music of spoken
English.
Sentence stress is what gives English its
rhythm or "beat".
When words are combined into phrases and
sentences, one syllable receives more stress
than the others.
Phrasal stress can distinguish a compound
noun from an adjective + noun combination.

COMPOUND NOUN ADJECTIVE + NOUN

Hotdog (a type of food) Hot dog (an overheated
dog)
Redcoat (a British Red coat (a coat that is
soldier) red)
MOST SENTENCES HAVE TWO BASIC
TYPES OF WORD:
1. CONTENT WORDS
Content words are the key words of a sentence.
They are the important words that carry the
meaning or sense—the real content.
2. STRUCTURE WORDS
They are small, simple words that make the
sentence correct grammatically. They give the
sentence its correct form—its structure.
BASIC RULES OF SENTENCE AND
PHRASE STRESS
1. Content words are stressed.
2. Structure words are unstressed.
3.The time between stressed words
is always the same.
 SELL CAR GO FRANCE

SELL my I’ll GO to
CAR FRA
NC
CONTENT WORDS I’ll GO to E
FRANC
SELLmy CAR E
STRUCTURE
WORDS
WILL YOU SELL MY CAR BECAUSE I’LL GO TO
FRANCE.
CONTENT WORDS -
STRESSED
WORDS CARRYING THE EXAMPLE
MEANING
MAIN VERBS Sell, Give, Employ
NOUNS Car, Music, Mary
ADJECTIVES Red, Big, Interesting
ADVERBS Quickly, Loudly, Never
NEGATIVE AUXILLARIES Don’t, Aren’t, Can’t
STRUCTURE
WORDS -
UNSTRESSED
WORDS for
GRAMMAR
CORRECT EXAMPLE

PRONOUNS He, We, They

PREPOSITIONS On, At, Into
ARTICLES A, An, The
CONJUNCTIONS And, But, Because
AUXILLARY VERBS Do, Be, Have, Can,
Must
LET’S TRY!
I am a proFESsional phoTOgrapher
whose MAIN Intrest is to TAKE SPEcial,
BLACK and WHITE PHOtographs that
exHIBit Abstract MEANings in their
photoGRAPHic STRUCture.
INTONATION
ACTIVITY:
SAY “HELLO” TO…
 A friend you meet regularly
 A friend you haven’t seen for a long time
 A neighbour you don’t like
 A 6 month old baby
 Someone doing what he shoudn’t
 To know if someone is litening
 The same but on the phone
WHAT IS INTONATION?
In phonetics, the melodic pattern of an
utterance.
It also conveys differences of expressive
meaning (e.g., surprise, anger, happiness).
According to David Crystal, intonation is not a
single system of contours and levels, but the
product of the interaction of features from
different prosodic systems (tone, pitch-range,
TWO TYPES OF INTONATION
 “Your name is John?” (rising intonation)
it can express a number of various emotions,
such as non-finality, surprise, doubt, interest,
politeness, lack of confidence
 “Your name is John.” (falling intonation)
Used for asking and giving information in
normal, quiet, unemphatic style.
 Other main types of intonation include:
High fall, low fall, fall-rise, high rise, midlevel
rise, low rise
KEY COMPONENTS OF
INTONATION
PITCH – degree of height of our voice in
speech
SENTENCE STRESS – makes the utterance
understandable to the listener by making the
important words in the sentence stressed, clear,
and higher in pitch, and by the shortening and
obscuring the unstressed words.
RHYTHM – sense of movement in speech,
marked by stress, timing, quantity of syllables
FUNCTION OF INTONATION
Attitudinal Functions
Accentual Functions
Grammatical Functions
Discourse Function
 ATTITUDINAL FUNCTIONS
Allows us to express emotions such as confidence, interest,
doubt, joy, pain, irony.
 ACCENTUAL FUNCTIONS
Implies the placement of stress is determined by intonation.
 GRAMMATICAL FUNCTIONS
The listener is better able to recognize the grammar and
syntax structure of what is being said by using information
contained in the intonation such as:
A.The placement of boundaries between phrases,
clauses and sentences.
B. The difference between questions and
 DISCOURSE INTONATION
It can indicate when the speaker is indicating
some sort of contrast or link with material
in another tone unit.
In conversation it can convey to the listener
what kind of response is being expected from
him.
7 CASES WHERE INTONATION
MATTERS
1.Asking questions
2.Making statements
3.Listing things
4.Expressing feelings
5. Stressing the importance of
something
6.Contrasting between things
7.Using tag questions
REFERENCES:
 www.toeflogoanywhere.org
 www.slideshare.net
 www.englishclub.com
 www.britannica.com
 www.fluentu.com
 www.PHONOLOGY/07-Guangzhou-2017
 www.ProsodicPhonology.mini.pdf
 www.HandbookDevLing_prosody.pdf
 www.phon.ox.ac.uk
 www.learning-english-online.net
 www.scholar.google.com.ph
Thank
You!