CENSCP33Z

Numerical Solutions to
CE Problems

ENGR. CHARLENE GRACE V. GELOTIN, CE

INSTRUCTOR
CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Solving Systems of Linear

Equations
Systems of linear equations that must be solved simultaneously
arise in problems that include several (possibly many) variables
that are dependent on each other.
CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Solving Systems of Linear

Equations
CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Two (2) types of numerical

methods in solving linear
systems
In direct methods, the solution is calculated by performing
arithmetic operations with the equations. In iterative methods,
an initial approximate solution is assumed and then used in an
iterative process for obtaining successively more accurate
solutions.
CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Direct Methods
Three (3) direct methods for solving systems of equations are:
Gauss Elimination, Gauss-Jordan, and LU Decomposition.

Two (2) indirect or iterative methods are: Jacobi and Gauss-

Seidel.
CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Upper Triangular Form

CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Lower Triangular Form

CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Lower Triangular Form

CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Gauss Elimination Method

In this procedure, a system of equations that is given in
a general form is manipulated to be in upper triangular form,
which is then solved by using back substitution.
CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Gauss Elimination Method

CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Gauss Elimination Method

What is a pivot element?
• element on the left-hand side of a matrix that
you want the elements above and below to be
zero
• first nonzero entry of each row

What is a pivot row?

• the row that contains your pivot element
CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Gauss Elimination Method

CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Gauss Elimination Method

CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Gauss Elimination Method

CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Gauss Elimination Method

STEP-BY-STEP
1. Solve for the multiplier,

m=

2. Multiply m to the pivot row

3. Subtract the product from the row you are
inspecting
CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Gauss Elimination Method

CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Gauss Elimination Method

CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Gauss Elimination Method

CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Gauss Elimination Method

CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Gauss Elimination Method

CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Gauss Elimination Method

CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Gauss Elimination Method

CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Gauss Elimination Method

CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Gauss Elimination Method

CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Sample Problem:
CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS
CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS
CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS
CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS
CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Potential Difficulties in
Gauss Elimination
1. The pivot element is zero.
CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Potential Difficulties in
Gauss Elimination
2. The pivot element is small relative to the other terms in the
pivot row.
CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Potential Difficulties in
Gauss Elimination
2. The pivot element is small relative to the other terms in the
pivot row.
CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Potential Difficulties in
Gauss Elimination
2. The pivot element is small relative to the other terms in the
pivot row.
CENSCP33Z – NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

Potential Difficulties in
Gauss Elimination
2. The pivot element is small relative to the other terms in the
pivot row.

The numerical calculations are less prone to error and will have
fewer round-off errors if the pivot element has a larger numerical
absolute value compared to the other elements in the same row.
END.