Firearms: It’s Nature &

Classification • Group 1:

• Balbuena,Nica Nila Nena A.

• Monton, Sherry Mae

• Caluscusin, Steve

• Danag, Leonardo

• Busico, Jack

• Sabijon, Marjon
Legal Definition of
Firearms/Arms
• Firearm is an instrument used for the
propulsion of projectile by means of the
expensive force gases coming from burning
gunpowder. Firearms or Arms, includes rifles,
muskets, carbines, shotgun, ball, shot, shell or
other missiles may be discharge by means of
powder or other explosives. The barrel of any
firearm shall be considered a complete firearm
for all purposes hereof.

• Projectile- a missile designed to be fired from

a rocket or gun.

Forensic 7 Group 1 2
CLASSIFICATIO • Two General Classification of Firearms:
A. According to Interior Barrel Construction

N OF FIREARMS
B. According to Caliber of the Projectile
Propelled

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A. According to
Interior Barrel
Construction
1. Smooth Bore Firearms- firearms that
have no rifling(lands & grooves) inside
their gun barrel.

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A. According to
Interior Barrel
Construction
2. Rifled Bore Firearms – firearms that
have rifling inside their gun barrel. Ex.:
Pistols, revolvers,, and other modern
weapons.

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B. According to the
Caliber of the
Projectile Propelled
1. Artillery– refers to those types of
firearms that propels projectile with more
than one inch diameter

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B. According to the
Caliber of the
Projectile Propelled
2. Small Arms– these are firearms that
propel a projectile with less than one inch
diameter and it can be handled, moved and
operated by one man. Ex.: machine gun,
shoulder arms and handguns

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A. Machine Guns
A type of firearm that is
primarily designed for
military use.
•3 General Types:

•a. Recoil-operated –A type of

machine gun devised with a recoil
spring that is responsible for
forcing the breech block to move
forward causing another cartridge
to be loaded only after the breech
block moves rearward and the
empty shell is extracted upon
firing.

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•3 General Types:

•b. Gas operated –A type of

machine gun equipped with gas
portion of the barrel. When a
cartridge is fired and the bullet
reaches the gas cylinder causing
the piston to move to the rear. At
this time, the pressure in the
chamber has dropped to safe limits
and the various parts are returned
to the firing position by the action
of the spring around the piston.

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•3 General Types:

•c. Combined Recoil & Gas operated – in this type of machine gun, the gas
operation merely serves to unlock the breech block by the pressure moving to
the gas port, passing through the gas cylinder and causing the piston to move
to the rear, moving the cam to raise the lock through a stud. Once this is
completed, recoil action causes the breech block to move rearward and
completes the opening cycle. The spring will return the various parts to their
closed position and cycle will be repeated for the next step

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 MONTON

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A. Sub-Machine Guns
Light, portable form of machine gun, utilizing a pistol size ammunition, having a shoulder
stock that may or may not be folded and designed to be fired with both hands. Basically,
there are 2 types of this firearm according to its mechanism. One has a bolt operated by a
trigger sear causing the cartridge to be fired in open bolt and the other is fired with a
closed bolt position.

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B. Shoulder Arms
Shoulder arms are those
types of firearms that were
normally fired from the
shoulder. Ex. Rifles and
shotguns.

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 RIFLES
a shoulder weapon designed to
fire a projectile with more
accuracy through a long rifled
bore barrel, usually more than 22
inches. There are 2 forms of
rifles, the Single Shot rifle &
Repeating Rifle.

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Types of Repeating Rifles

1.Bolt Action Type-may appear as either turning

bolt or a straight-pull bolt type.

2.Lever Type- operated by a downward-forward

movement first of the lever by hand, causing the
opening, cocking & placing of the cartridge in
its position for loading.

3.Slide Action Type- a box type magazine is

attached and removed every time that loading
and unloading is desired.

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BOLT ACTION TYPE

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PUMP ACTION TYPE

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LEVER ACTION RIFLE

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 Automatic type – a
type of rifle in which
firing can be made
continuously by a
single press of the
trigger and while the
trigger is pressed.

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AUTOMATIC RIFLE

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 CARBINE
a short barrel rifle, with its barrel
rifle, measuring not longer than
22 inches. It fires a single
projectile though a rifle-bore
either semi automatic or fully
automatic, for every press of the
trigger.

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 MUSKETS
an ancient smoothbore and
muzzle loading military shoulder
arms designed to fire shots or a
single round lead bail.

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 CALUSCUSIN

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 SHOTGUN
a smooth bore and a breech
loading shoulder arm
designed to fire a number of
lead pellets or shots in one
charge.

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Various mechanism types of shotgun:

1.Single barreled Shotgun- is similar to single

shot rifle. It is loaded with a single shotgun
cartridge. This is common in a break type, and
breach-loading shotgun.

2.Double barreled Shotgun- appears in a

different variation depending on the barrel
position.

3.Pump Action Shotgun- also known “slide-

action” type. The hammer of this shotgun is
completely built inside the receiver which makes
it unexposed, this making it known also as
“hammerless shotgun”.

4. Auto-loading Shotgun- this type of shotgun has

a mechanism similar to auto-loading or self-
loading rifles that permits reloading by the action
of the recoil without the shooter taking added
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effort.
 *CYLINDER BORE TYPE- a type of shotgun bore with the same
diameter throughout the barrel.
*CHOKE BORE TYPE- a type of shotgun bore with a diminishing or
reducing bore diameter towards the muzzle.
*PARADOX SHOTGUN- a very rare type of shotgun, having rifling
on a few from its muzzle point.

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C. HANDGUNS
These types of firearms are
designed or intended to be
fired using one hand.
Ex.: pistols & revolvers.

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1. PISTOLS

In early firearm history, all

handguns are generally
called as pistols.
There were 3 types of pistols
in that period. The single
shot pistol, the semi-
automatic and the revolving
pistol now known as the
revolver.

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2. REVOLVER

A type of a hand firearm

designed to position
cartridges into position for
firing with the aid of a
rotating cylinder serving as
its chamber.
There are 2 types of revolver
according to its mechanical
action. The single action &
the double action.

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C. Types of Firearms According to Mechanical Construction

1. Single shot firearms- designed to fire only one shot for every loading

2. Repeating arms- designed to fire several shots in one loading and for
every press of the trigger.

3. Automatic firearms- constitutes continuous firing in a single press of the

trigger and while the trigger is pressed.

4. Slide action type- in which loading take place by back and forth
manipulation of the under/over forearms of the gun.

5. Bolt action type- in which loading takes place by manipulating the bolt
back and forth.
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 BUSICO

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C. Types of Firearms According to Mechanical Construction

6.Lever type (Break type)- loading

takes place by lever action on the
firearms.

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ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF PISTOLS and
REVOLVERS

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 DANAG

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NOMENCLATURE OF FIREARMS AND ITS FUNCTIONS
1. BARREL- the passageway of the bullet. It initiates the motion of the bullet.

2. BOLT- Disengages center pin to allow opening of cylinder and blocks hammer.

3. CENTER PIN- serves as locking device for the cylinder.

4. CENTER PIN SPRING- holds the center pin in a locked position.

5. CHAMBER- that part of the firearm in which the cartridge is placed when ready to be fired.

6. CYLINDER- serves as the chamber and magazine for a revolver.

7. CYLINDER NOTCH- helps hold cylinder in a place and aligned for ready firing.

8. CYLINDER STOP- stops and holds the cylinder in alignment for firing.

9. DOUBLE ACTION SEAR- built into weapon to allow double action firing.

10. EXTRACTOR- pulls the empty shells from the cylinder simultaneously.
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NOMENCLATURE OF FIREARMS AND ITS FUNCTIONS
11. FRAME- houses the internal parts of the firearm.

12. HAND(PAW)- rotates the cylinder when the hammer is locked

13. HAMMER- strikes the blow that initiates the ignition of the primer

14. HAMMER BLOCK- safety device that prevents hammer blows to the primer

15. MAINSPRING- provide energy to the hammer to activate firing mechanism.

16. RATCHET- helps in the withdrawal of the cartridge or shells from the chamber of the cylinder.

17. REBOUND SLIDE- returns trigger, activates hammer block, and locked hammer.

18. SIDE PLATE- provides access to the internal parts.

19. SIDE PLATE SCREWS- holds the side plate and the yoke in place

20.STRAIN SCREWS- controls tension on the mainspring

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NOMENCLATURE OF FIREARMS AND ITS FUNCTIONS
21. THUMB LATCH- actuates the bolt to release the cylinder.

22.TRIGGER- activates the part necessary to fire the weapon

23. TRIGGER GUARD- guards the trigger to unnecessary action to avoid

accidental firing.

24.TRIGGER SPRING- provides energy for return movement or rebound

slide.

25. TRIGGER LEVEL- contacts rebound slides to return trigger forward.

26. TRIGGER STOP- prevents excessive rearward movement after hammer

release

27.YOKE- pivots connection between the frame and cylinder

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 SABINO

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MISCELLANEOUS TYPES OF GUNS
1. ZIP GUN- generally referring to home made gun used by juvenile delinquents in the United States of America. In the Philippines, it
is referred to as “paltik”

2. CANE GUN, KNIFE PISTOLS, CELLPHONE GUN, etc.- devices principally designed for other purpose to which a gun
mechanism is incorporated or attached also called as “freakish gun”.

3. FLARE GUN- designed for tracing or sending signals or locating enemy troops.

4. GAS GUN- generally referring to all gun designed for firing tear gas.

5. HARPOON GAS- refers to a barbed spear in hunting large fish.

6. LIBERATOR- US government made smooth bore gun used in Europe and designed to fire an automatic colt pistol cartridge caliber
45.

7. MULTI-BARRELED GUN- refers to all types of gun containing a number of barrels

8. PARADOX GUN- a type of gun which contains lands and grooves a few inch from the muzzle point.

9. TOOL GUNS- are devices that resemble a gun’s design but are generally used for construction furniture, glue gun, drilling
machines, etc.

10. TRAP GUN- refers to gun used for trapping animals.

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Thank You

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