Gregor Mendel

&
Mendel’s Experimental,
Quantitative Approach

Perez, Swennie C.
BSED SCIENCE-3A
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Gregor Johann Mendel – is the “Father of
Modern Genetics”, was a teacher, Lifelong
Learner, scientist and man of faith.

Pea Plants - the scientific name “Pisum

Sativum”, they grow quickly, are easy to breed
and have a variety of traits.

Cross-fertilization – male and female gametes

from different flowers/plant used to make
zygote (pea)
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Self-fertilization- male and female gametes
from one flower/plant used to make zygote
(pea)

True-breeder- offspring produce by self

fertilization look like parent (purple flower
plants make more purple-flowered plants). Also
known as purebreds or heirlooms.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Hybridization- is the process of

crossing 2 genetically different
organism.
 P – parent generation
 F- filial generation
 F1 – first generation progeny of
hybridization
 F2 – progeny of hybrid (F1)
Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884)
 Father of Modern Genetics
 Austrian monk, who discover the basic
principles of heredity through experiments in
his garden.
 Mendel lived and worked in Brü nn, Austria,
where he examined the inheritance of clear-
cut alternative traits in pea plants.
 He spent his early youth in the rural setting,
until age 11.
 His famous study is the pea plants (Pisum
Sativum) or garden pea.
 He inferred genetic laws that allowed him to
make verifiable predictions about which
traits would appear, disappear, and then
reappear, and in which generations.
Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884)

 Mendel conducted thousands of

experiments on pea plants to see how traits
(shape, color) were passed from generation
to generation.
 Around 1854, Mendel began to research the
transmission of hereditary traits in plant
hybrids.
 In 1867, he was elected abbot of the
monastery of St. Thomas in Brno.
 He was died January 6, 1884, at the age of
61.
Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884)

 Why Peas Plant?

 Reproduce quickly
 Produce large amounts of
offspring
 Can self pollinate
 Can cross pollinate
 Grow in small area
 Have many observable traits.
Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884)
 Pea plant characteristics or
traits
 He farther notice that there
where two strains of each
trait.
 Mendel’s Experimental, Quantitative
Approach
 Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two
laws of inheritance.
 Mendel discover the basic principles of heredity by
breeding garden peas in carefully planned
experiments.
 Mendel choose to work with garden pea (Pisum
Sativum)
 Advantages of pea plants for genetic study:
 There are many varieties with distinct heritable
features.
 Each pea plants has sperm producing organs
(staments) and egg-producing organs (carpels)
 Cross-pollination can be achieved by dusting one
plant with pollen from each other.
Mendel’s Experimental, Quantitative
Approach
 In a typical experiment, Mendel Mated
two contrasting, true breeding varieties,
a process called hybridization.
 The true-breeding parents are the P
generation.
 The hybrid offspring's of the P
generation are called the F1 generation.
 When F1 individuals self pollinate, the
F2 generation is produced.
Mendel’s Experimental, Quantitative
Approach
• P generation-starting parent generation
• Purebred parents with different
traits
• Allowed to cross-pollinate
• Purple x White
 Mendel’s Experimental, Quantitative
Approach
 F1 Generation- offspring of
the P generation
 All had purple
flowers
 This happened in all
P generation
crosses.
Mendel’s Experimental, Quantitative
Approach
 Why does this happen?
 Some traits are
dominant and some
traits are recessive.
 Dominant: trait
expressed in F1
generation
 Recessive: Trait
masked in F1
generation
Mendel’s Experimental, Quantitative
Approach
 F2 generation- offspring of F1
self pollination
 F1 Purple x F1 Purple
 75% Purple Offspring
 25% White Offspring

 Even though the F1

generation looked liked
purebread purple plants
they carried the trait for
white flowers somewhere
inside “Hybrids”.
 References:
https://www.jic.ac.uk/research-impact/molecules-from-nature/impact/peas/t
he-history-of-pea-research-at-the-john-innes-centre/gregor-mendel-the-father-
of-genetics
/

https://study.com/learn/lesson/gregor-mendel-discovery-experiments.html

https://
www.clutchprep.com/genetics/textbooks/hartwell-4th-edition-978-00735252
66
Thank you