COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION
MEANING
Communication is the act of giving, receiving, and
sharing information -- in other words, talking or
writing, and listening or reading. Good communicators
listen carefully, speak or write clearly, and respect different
opinions.
FUNCTION OF
COMMUNICATIO
N

• control
• motivation
• emotional
expression

• information
1.Control-Control as a function of communication means being
able to use language, gestures, and emotions to manage
individual or group activities.
2.Motivation-this is used to power up preferences,
desires. needs,wants, decisions, goals, and strengths.
3.Emotional expression-facilitates people’s expression of their
feelings and emotions.
4.information-This function is used for grabbing and
sharing information.
METHODS OF
COMMUNICATIO
N
1. Verbal communication
2. Non-verbal
communication
3. Written
communication
4. Listening
5. Visual
communication
1. Verbal
communication
Verbal communication occurs when we engage in
speaking with others. It can be face-to-face, over the
telephone, via Skype or Zoom, etc. Some verbal
engagements are informal, such as chatting with a
friend over coffee or in the office kitchen, while others
are more formal, such as a scheduled meeting.

2. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions,

posture, eye contact, hand movements, and touch. For
example, if you’re engaged in conversation with your
boss about your cost-saving idea, it is important to pay
attention to both the their words and their non-verbal
communication. Your boss might be in agreement with
your idea verbally, but their nonverbal cues: avoiding
eye contact, sighing, scrunched up face, etc. indicate
something different.
3. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
WHETHER IT IS AN EMAIL, A MEMO, A REPORT, A FACEBOOK POST, A TWEET, A CONTRACT,
ETC. ALL FORMS OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION HAVE THE SAME GOAL TO DISSEMINATE
INFORMATION IN A CLEAR AND CONCISE MANNER

4. LISTENING
THE ACT OF LISTENING DOES NOT OFTEN MAKE ITS WAY ONTO THE LIST OF TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION. ACTIVE LISTENING, HOWEVER, IS PERHAPS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION BECAUSE IF WE CANNOT LISTEN TO THE PERSON SITTING ACROSS
FROM US, WE CANNOT EFFECTIVELY ENGAGE WITH THEM.

5. VISUAL COMMUNICATION
We are a visual society. Think about it, televisions are running 24/7, Facebook is visual with
memes, videos, images, etc., Instagram is an image-only platform, and advertisers use imagery to
sell products and ideas. Think about from a personal perspective – the images we post on social
media are meant to convey meaning – to communicate a message. In some cases that message
might be, look at me, I’m in Italy or I just won an award.
 BARRIERS IN EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
1.Language or semantic barrier
2. Organisational barrier
3. Psychological or emotional
barrier 4.physical barriers
1. LANGUAGE OR SEMANTIC
• LACK OF COMMON LANGUAGE
BARRIER
• DIFFERENT CONTEXT FOR WORDS AND
• SYMBOLS
POOR
VOCABULARY
2. ORGANISATIONAL
••
BARRIER
ORGANISATIONAL
POLICIES RULES AND
• REGULATIONS STATUS
• COMPLEXITY IN
• ORGANISATIONAL
ORGANISATIONAL
STRUCTURE
FACILITIES
3. PSYCHOLOGICAL OR EMOTIONAL
•BARRIER
LACK OF
• ATTENTION POOR
• RETENTION
• EMOTIONS
• STATUS CONSCIOUSNESS
DISTRUST AND
4.PHYSICAL
•BARRIER
NOISE
• TIME
• DISTANC
• E AGE
• GENDER
DISTRAC
TIONS
FORMAL
COMMUNICATIO
N AND
INFORMAL
COMMUNICATIO
N
FORMAL AND
INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION
Formal communication is, typically, conveyed from the top leadership to various
departments and employees. Usually, every organization follows a procedure for
formal conversation. Think about the annual meetings or even team meetings that
your manager calls for. These are examples of formal communication.

However, there is no predetermined structure for informal communication in any

organization. So what is informal communication all about? To start with, it helps
create and maintain a relationship among colleagues. For instance, consider those
chats with your coworkers about the latest movies over a cup of coffee.

Informal communication can also play a much larger role than just generating friendly
chatter. This form of communication can be very useful in resolving a conflict
between the employees and the management.
TYPES OF FORMAL
1. VERTICAL
COMMUNICATION:
Here, the communication is held between different organizational levels. So the
message is either transferred from the juniors to the team leads to the manager or
vice-versa.

2. HORIZONTAL OR LATERAL
This is the communication that happens between peers from different
departments.

3. CROSSWISE OR DIAGONAL
As the name suggests, here the conversation takes place between two employees
working at different levels in different departments. For example, a website
developer discussing a project with a sales manager can be categorized as
crosswise or diagonal communication.
TYPES OF INFORMAL
1. SINGLE STRAND CHAIN
COMMUNICATION:
This is the type of communication where A shares an idea or information with B, who then
passes it to C, and so on.

2. CLUSTER CHAIN
Have you ever noticed how a social media challenge becomes viral? People start
something unique and tag, say, three friends for the challenge. They complete the
challenge and tag three more people each, and so on. That’s how a cluster chain
communication is formed and continues.

3. GOSSIP CHAIN
Think of the college canteen conversations, where one person vividly describes her
recent adventures to a group of friends gathered around the table to listen. That’s how
the gossip chain works. One person initiates the conversation and shares information
with a group of people, who then pass on the information to more people.