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INTRODUCTION TO DISCRETE
MATHEMATICS
GROUP 1 4 TOPICS
 01 What is Discrete Mathematics

02 Different Theories

What is Continuous
03
Mathematics

04 Possible real-world application

of discrete mathematics

CONTENTS
 01
What is Discrete
Mathematics?
ABOUT DISCRETE M AT H E M AT I C S

Discrete Mathematics deals with the study of Mathematical

structures. It deals with objects that can have distinct separate

1 values. It is also called Decision Mathematics or finite

Mathematics. It is the study of mathematical structures that are
fundamentally discrete in nature, and it does not require the notion
of continuity.

DISCRETE
MATHEMATICS 2 Objects that are studied in discrete mathematics are largely
countable sets such as formal languages, integers, finite graphs,
and so on. Due to its application in Computer Science, it has
become popular in recent decades.

It is used in programming languages, software development,

3 cryptography, algorithms etc. Discrete Mathematics covers some

important concepts such as set theory, graph theory, logic,
permutation and combination as well. In this article, let us discuss
these important concepts in detail.
 02
Different Theories
 Different Theories
SET THEORY
Set theory is defined as the study of
sets which are a collection of
objects arranged in a group. The set
of numbers or objects can be
denoted by the braces {} symbol.
For example, the set of first 4 even
numbers is {2,4,6,8}
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GRAPH THEORY
It is the study of the graph. The graph is
a mathematical structure used to pair
the relation between objects. Graphs are
one of the prime objects of study in
Discrete Mathematics.
LOGIC
Logic in Mathematics can be defined
as the study of valid reasoning. There
are three types of logic gates. They are
AND(∧), NOT(~), and OR(∨)
Different Theories

PERMUTATION SERIES
The different arrangements that can A series is the sum of the terms of a
be made with a given number of sets sequence. The result of adding all
taking some or all of them in a the terms together: s1+s2+s3+s4…
particular sequence at a time are is the sum of the series.
called Permutation. For example,
there are six permutations of the set
{5,6,7}, namely (5,6,7), (5,7,6),

(6,5,7), (6,7,5), (7,5,6), and (7,6,5).

SEQUENCE
According to some definite rules, a
set of numbers arranged in a
definite order is called a Sequence.
COMBINATION A sequence is a function whose
domain is the countable set of
The selection of a number of objects natural numbers.
taking some or all of them at a time
is called combination. The order of
selection does not matter for the
combination.
 03
What is Continuous
Mathematics
What is Continuous
Mathematics

In mathematics, a continuous function is

a function that does not have discontinuities
that means any unexpected changes in value.

In other words, we can say that a function is

continuous at a fixed point if we can draw the
A function is continuous if we graph of the function around that point without
can ensure arbitrarily small lifting the pen from the paper’s plane.
changes by restricting enough
minor changes in its input. If
the given function is not
continuous, then it is said to be
discontinuous.
 04
Possible real-world
application of Discrete
Mathematics
Possible real-world application of
Discrete Mathematics

Discrete Mathematics plays a significant role in

big data analytics. Some examples that use
concepts such as Graph theory are Google Thus, Discrete Mathematics provides an
Maps. Encryption and decryption in exciting means for problem-solving in a highly
cryptography that are used for masking data as
technology-reliant society and also opens up
part of cybersecurity are derived from number
exciting careers for better sophisticated
theory. Basic functionalities like password
analytical and technical tools and improving
encryption and blockchain technology for
problem-solving abilities.
mining and cryptocurrency also use number
theory.

It is time that Discrete Mathematics is included

In Big Data, Discrete Mathematics also
serves as a powerful means of managing
very high-dimensional data or drawing
inferences from large noisy data. It helps
turn massive data into meaningful data and
algorithms that can be used to scale up
computations of humongous sizes.
in school curricula starting from Class 6
onwards with a focus on graph theory,
combinatorics, number theory, discrete
geometry, and discrete probability. These
modules will also help students who are not
particularly strong in arithmetic or algebra to
understand the concepts more easily.
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