Jimma University

Institute of Technology
Faculty of Electrical and computer Engineering

MICROCOMPUTER AND INTERFACING

(ECEG4171)
 COURSE OBJECTIVES
 Be familiar with 8086 microprocessor
architecture
 Be familiar with Assembly Language
Programming for 8086 architecture.
 Understanding 8086 microprocessor
interfacing to different peripherals

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 PREREQUISITE
 Computer Architecture and
Organization

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8086 MICROPROCESSORS

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 HISTORY OF COMPUTER
 We may classify the history of a computer using the
main technology that is used to implement it. Thus
we may classify them as
 Mechanical age
 Electrical age
 Microprocessor age

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 HISTORY OF COMPUTER
(MECHANICAL AGE)
 The first generation computer use mechanical
technology (e.g. Abacus 500 B.C.)
 Abacus is the first mechanical calculator
 Applied for grain amount calculation

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 HISTORY OF COMPUTER: MECHANICAL AGE
 Pascaline
 Invented by Blaise Pascal In 1642
 It is constructed of gears and wheels.
 Difference engine and Analytical Engine
 Proposed by Charles Babbage
 Machinists of his day unable to create the parts needed to
complete his work

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1832 BABBAGE INVENTED MECHANICAL
CALCULATED MACHINE

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 THE ELECTRICAL AGE:
 Z3 electromechanical computer
 Invented by German Konrad Zuse,
 Uses relay as a main building blocks
 It has a speed of 5.33 hz.
 Invented for aircraft and missile design application during
World War II for the German war effort

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 ENIAC (ELECTRONICS NUMERIC
INTEGRATOR AND CALCULATOR)

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EDVAC

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 THE MICROPROCESSOR AGE
 What is Microprocessor?
 It is also called CPU (central processing unit).
 It is the brain of a computer
 It is the controlling element in a computer system.
 Controls memory and I/O through connections called
buses.
 Memory and I/O controlled via instructions stored in
memory, executed by the microprocessor.

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Microprocessors

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 THE MICROPROCESSORS AGE
 The two basic technology that enable the invention
of Microprocessor are
 Transistor technology
 Invented by John Bardeen, William Shockley, and
Walter Brattain at Bell Labs in December 23, 1947,
 Integrated Circuit (IC) technology
 Jack Kill at Texas Instruments In 1958
 Using these two technologies 4004 which is the first
microprocessor ever was developed
 By Federico Faggin, Ted Hoff, and Stan Mazor At Intel
Corporation in 1971
 4004 microprocessor began the microprocessor age.
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 THE MICROPROCESSOR AGE
(4004 PROCESSOR)
 Intel 4004 is the World’s first microprocessor ever
developed
 It is a 4-bit microprocessor-programmable controller on a
chip.
 It has 50kIP speed
 Addressed 4096 (4Kb), 4-bit-wide memory locations.
 a bit is a binary digit with a value of one or zero
 4-bit-wide memory location often called a Nibble
 The 4004 instruction set contained 45 instructions.

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HISTORY OF INTEL MICROPROCESSOR

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EVOLUTION OF INTEL MICROPROCESSOR

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EVOLUTION OF THE INTEL PROCESSORS

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SOME OF INTEL PROCESSORS

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OTHER MICROPROCESSOR PRODUCERS

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 THE FACTORS THAT CHANGE AS
MICROPROCESSOR EVOLVE
 Speed,
 Word width, and
 Memory size
 Number and type of instruction set
 Physical size (weight and volume)
 Cost
 Power consumption and dissipation
 Etc.

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ARCHITECTURE OF MICROCOMPUTER

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MICROPROCESSOR BASED COMPUTERS

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APPLICATION OF MICROCOMPUTERS

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 SOME COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY
 Numbering systems
 Digits
 Binary
 Octal
 Hexadecimal
 Conversion from one base system to other
 From decimal to
 Hexadecimal
 Octal
 Binary
 Whole number Vs fractional conversion

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 CONCLUSION
 The microprocessor is the controlling element in a
computer system.
 The micro-processor performs
 Data transfers,
 Does simple arithmetic and
 Logic operations, and
 Makes simple decisions.
 The microprocessor executes programs stored in
the memory system to perform complex
operations in short periods of time.

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 CONCLUSION (CONTI…)
 The world's first microprocessor, the Intel 4004,
was a 4-bit microprocessor-a programmable
controller on a chip which
Addressed a mere 4096 4-bit memory
locations.
And has only 45 instruction set.
 All other Intel microprocessor are
upward compatible

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 CONCLUSION (CONTI…)

 All computer systems contain three buses to

control memory and I/O.
 Address bus
 The data bus
 The control bus