Department of Electrical and computer Engineering

College of Engineering and Technology

Jimma University

CHAPTER 3.1
8086 INSTRUCTION SET
 CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
 Machine Language format
 8086 microprocessors instruction
sets which includes
Data transfer instruction
Arithmetic and logic
instruction
Program control instruction
String instruction and so on
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WHAT IS INSTRUCTION SET?
 It is the set of instruction that the processor
is designed to decode
 It is the language that the processor can
understand
 In 8086 there are around 117 instruction that
can be used more than 20,000 permutation
of operand
 8086 is a CISC type processor whose
instruction set are many with different clock
cycle

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 MAJOR TYPES OF 8086
INSTRUCTION CATEGORIES?
 8086 instruction sets may be categorized into
the following types
 Data movement instruction set
 Arithmetic and logic Instruction set
 String type instruction set
 Program control instruction set
 Processor control instruction set
 Interrupt instruction
 And so on
 In this lecture we will see only 8086 Data
movement instruction set
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 DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTION
SET : MOV INSTRUCTION
 Syntax: MOV Destination, Source
 Description:
Copy content of source into destination
 Valid source destination combination
REG, memory
memory, REG
REG, REG
memory, immediate
REG, immediate
SREG, memory
memory, SREG
REG, SREG
SREG, REG

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 MOVE (MOV) EXAMPLE
 MOV AX,100h
 MOV BX,AX
 MOV DX,BX
 MOV AX,1234h
 MOV DX,5678h
 MOV AL,DL
 MOV BH,DH

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 MOV EXAMPLE(CONTINUED)
 MOV AX,1000h
 MOV [100h],AX
 MOV BX,[100h]
 MOV BYTE PTR [200h],10h
 MOV WORD PTR [300h],10h
 MOV AX,2300h
 MOV DS,AX

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NOTE ABOUT MOV INSTRUCTION
 No flag value is changed because of move
instruction
 Both operand must be in the same size.
 To put immediate value directly to memory,
we have to specify its size. (Byte/Word PTR)
 There is no instruction to put immediate
value directly to segment register.
Use accumulator (AX) to accomplish this.
 Mov instruction cannot alter the value of IP and CS
 You cannot move from one segment register to
another segment registor
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4–2  PUSH/POP INSTRUCTION
 Push instruction : push a 16 bit value (2 memory) into the stack register
 Syntax
 push operand
 Algorithm
 SP = SP – 2
 SS:[SP] (top of the stack) = operand
 Operand type
 REG
 SREG
 Memory
 IMMEDIET VALUE
 pop operand
 operand = SS:[SP] (top of the stack)
 SP = SP + 2
 operand type
 REG
 SREG
 Memory
 No flag is changed in both case
 EXAMPLE POP AND PUSH
EXAMPLES
 Example 1
 MOV AX, 1234h
 PUSH AX
 POP DX ; DX = 1234h
 Example 2
 MOV AX, 16554h
 PUSH ax
 POP bx

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LEA (LOAD EFFECTIVE ADDRESS)
 Syntax: LEA registers, memory
 Load Effective Address.
 REG = address of memory (offset)
 Example
m DW 1234h
 LEA AX, m
 No flag is affacted

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LDS LES
 LDS
 LDS (Load data segment )
 Syntax :
 LDS REG, memory
 Load memory double word into word register and DS.
 After the execution
 REG = first word
 DS = second word
 Example LDS AX, m
LES (LOAD EXTRA SEGMENT)
 Syntax
 LES REG, memory
 Load memory double word into word register
and ES
 After execution
 REG = first word
 ES = second word
 Example
 LES AX, m

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 STRING DATA TRANSFERS
MOVS, LODS, STOS,.
 These instructions works with
 Flag register(D flag, direction flag)
 Destination index (DI)
 Source index (SI)
 The direction flag (D, located in the flag register)
selects the auto-increment or the auto-
decrement operation for the DI and SI registers
during string operations.
CONTINUED
 The CLD instruction clears the D flag and the STD
instruction sets it .
 CLDinstruction selects the auto-increment mode and
STD selects the auto-decrement mode
 DI and SI
 During execution of string instruction, memory
accesses occur through DI and SI registers.
 DI offset address accesses data in the extra segment for
all string instructions that use it
 SI offset address accesses data by default
in the data segment
LODSW OR LODSB
 Syntax :LODSb
 Operation
 Load byte at DS:[SI] into AL. Update SI.
 After excution
 Al = DS:[SI]
 if DF = 0 then
 SI = SI + 1
 Else
 SI = SI – 1

 LODSW bring string from DS:[SI] to AX registers

STOS
 Types
 STOSB and STOSW
 Syntax
 STOSB
 STOSW
 After the operation
 For STOSB
 ES:[DI] = AL

if DF = 0 then
 DI = DI + 1
Else
 DI = DI – 1
CONTINUED
For STOSW
 ES:[DI] = AX

if DF = 0 then
 DI = DI + 2

Else
 DI = DI - 2
 STOSB (stores a byte) stores the byte in AL at
the extra segment memory location addressed
by DI.
 STOSW (stores a word) stores AX in the
memory location addressed by DI
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STOS WITH A REP
 The repeat prefix (REP) is added to any string
data transfer instruction except LODS.
 REPprefix causes CX to decrement by 1 each time
the string instruction executes;
 after CX decrements, the string instruction repeats
 If CX reaches a value of 0, the instruction
terminates and the program continues.
 If CX is loaded with 100 and a REP STOSB
instruction executes, the microprocessor
automatically repeats the STOSB 100 times
MOVS
 Opration
 Copy byte at DS:[SI] to ES:[DI]. Update SI and DI.
 After operation
 ES:[DI] = DS:[SI]
 if DF = 0 then

 SI = SI + 1
 DI = DI + 1
 Else

 SI = SI – 1
 DI = DI – 1
 Example
 LEA SI, a1
 LEA DI, a2
 MOV CX, 5
 REP MOVSB
 MISCELLANEOUS DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS
XCHG, LAHF, SAHF, XLAT, IN, OUT
 XCHG
 Exchange values of two operands.
 Syntax: xchg operand1, operand2
 Operand combination
 REG, memory
memory, REG
REG, REG
 Example:
 MOVAL, 5
MOV AH, 2
XCHG AL, AH ; AL = 2, AH = 5
XCHG AL, AH ; AL = 5, AH = 2
LAHF AND SAHF
LAHF

Load
 AH from 8 low bits of Flags register
Syntax: LAHF

After operation

AH = flags register
SAHF

Store AH register into low 8 bits of Flags register.


After operation

flags register = AH
XLAT
 Translate byte from table. Copy value of memory
byte at DS:[BX + unsigned AL] to AL register.
 AL = DS:[BX + unsigned AL]
 Example
 LEA BX, dat
MOV AL, 2
XLATB ; AL = 33h
 dat DB 11h, 22h, 33h, 44h, 55h
IN AND OUT
 IN
Input from port into AL or AX.
Second operand is a port number. If required to access
port number over 255 - DX register should be used.
Example:
IN AX, 4 ; get status of traffic lights.
IN AL, 7 ; get status of stepper-motor
Syntax: IN operand1, operand2
Operand operation
AL, im.byte

AL, DX
AX, im.byte
AX, DX
IN AND OUT
 OUT
 SyntaxOUT operand1, operand2
 Operand
 im.byte, AL
 im.byte, AX
 DX, AL
 DX, AX
 Output from AL or AX to port.
 First operand is a port number.
 If required to access port number over 255 - DX register
should be used.
 Example
 MOV AX, 0FFFh ; Turn on all
 OUT 4, AX ; traffic lights.
 MOV AL, 100b ; Turn on the third
 OUT 7, AL ; magnet of the stepper-motor

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READINGS

 8086 arithmetic and logic

instructions
 Data control instructions

CS 477/677 - Lecture 1 29
End!

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