Lesson 2.

Basic Concepts of Counseling

Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences

Humanities and Social Sciences
Counseling does
not correct a
mistake or
misconduct.
Rather, it aims to
help clients adjust
in life.

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 This lesson serves as a prerequisite lesson for the
Learning following DepEd competency:
Competency
Identify the goals and scope of counseling
(HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ib-3).

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Learning
Objectives

● Explain the definition of counseling.

● Identify the different types, forms, and

dimensions of counseling.

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 The Magic Key Activity
Explore
1. Prepare a piece of paper, pencil, and coloring
materials.
2. Listen to the paragraph that will be read and respond
to what will be asked.

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 The Magic Key Activity
Explore
“Imagine that you have been given a magic key that opens one room in a
huge castle. There are four floors in the castle, and since the castle is
huge, there are many rooms on each floor. Your magic key opens only
one of the many rooms in the castle. Go from room to room, and from
floor to floor, trying your magic key on each door until you finally reach
the door that your key opens. You turn the key and the lock opens.
Because you have been given a magic key that opens only this door, what
you see is the one thing that money can’t buy but you have always
thought would make you happy. You are looking into the room. What is it
that you see? What is that one thing that has been missing that money
can’t buy but you have always thought would make you happy? Once you
have come up with a clear picture, please draw it as best you can.”
(Crenshaw 2004) 6
 What do you think is the purpose of the
Explore activity?

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 The activity is an example of a
Explore counseling strategy. Based on this
premise, what can you conclude about
counseling?

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 What do you think is the importance of
Explore counseling?

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Essential
Question

How will the understanding of the essence of

counseling affect society’s perspective on it?

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Definition of
Counseling

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 Definition of Counseling
Counseling

● a profession and a discipline

● an interactive and learning
process

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Definition of Counseling
Counseling as a Learning
Process

“Counseling is a learning process in

which individuals learn about
themselves, their interpersonal
relationships, and behaviors that
advance their personal development
(Shertzer and Stone 1976).”

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Definition of Counseling
Counseling as a Learning
Process
● Improve knowledge about one’s
self.
● Identify strengths and
weaknesses.
● Evaluate one’s capabilities.

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Definition of Counseling
Counseling as a Learning
Process
According to Dustin and George
(1973), counseling is a learning
process designed to increase
adaptive behavior and decrease
maladaptive behavior.

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Definition of Counseling
Counseling as an Interactive
Process
“Counselling is an interactive process
conjoining the counsellee who needs
assistance and the counsellor who is
trained and educated to give this
assistance.” (Perez 1965)

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Definition of Counseling
Counseling as an Interactive
Process
“Through his communication of feelings of
respect, tolerance, spontaneity, and
warmth, the counselor initiates, facilitates,
and maintains the interactive process
(Perez 1965).”

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Definition of Counseling
Counseling as an Interactive
Process
● The counselor establishes a safe
space.
● The counselee may share his or her
dilemma, and the counselor will listen.
● The counselee also listens to the
points of the counselor.

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Definition of Counseling
Counseling as an Interactive
Process
“Counselling is a process by which a
troubled person (the client) is helped to feel
and behave in a more personally satisfying
manner through interaction with an involved
person (the counsellor) who provides
information and reactions which stimulate
the client to develop behaviours which
enable him to deal more effectively with
himself and his environment.” (Lewis 1970)
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Definition of Counseling
Counseling as an Interactive
Process

Counseling is a relational and interactive

process because its success does not
depend on the counselor or the client
alone. Both have to work together to
achieve progress and healing.

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Counseling offers healing and a path to the solution of
one’s dilemma.
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 Potential Outcomes of Counseling
Resolution

● achieving an understanding or
perspective on the problem
● arriving at a solution or new
perspective on the problem or
dilemma
● taking action to change the
situation in which the problem
arose
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 Potential Outcomes of Counseling
Resolution

Sample situation:
You feel overwhelmed with the amount of schoolwork that you have
to do, and you feel burdened with anxious thoughts about your
own ability to accomplish them. With the help of a counselor, you
can have someone to listen to you and also provide you with
valuable skills to help you better take care of yourself and cope with
your academic load.

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 Potential Outcomes of Counseling
Learning

● new understanding of one’s self

or one’s issue at hand
● new skills needed to deal with
the problem
● new methods or strategies for
coping

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 Potential Outcomes of Counseling
Learning

Sample situation:
You find it hard to manage thoughts that make you feel sad or
anxious. Counseling can help you deal with them through skills such
as noticing your emotions, focusing on the present moment, or
questioning the truthfulness of your interpretations.

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 Potential Outcomes of Counseling
Social Inclusion

“Counselling stimulates the

energy and capacity of the
person as someone who can
contribute to the well-being
of others and the social
good.” (McLeod 2004, 16)

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Counseling and Psychotherapy

What’s their difference?

● Both can help people with problems in living such as

grief, stress, and relationship problems.

● Psychotherapists are more equipped to deal with severe

psychological disorders.

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Check Your
Progress

What is the main goal or purpose of

counseling?

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 True or False. Identify whether the following
statements about counseling are true or false. If false,
Try This!
replace the underlined word with the correct one.

1. Counseling is a learning process between a

counselor and a client that aims to achieve
a better understanding of oneself.

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 True or False. Identify whether the following
statements about counseling are true or false. If false,
Try This!
replace the underlined word with the correct one.

2. Counseling is an interactive process that

expects the client to establish a safe space
in the conversation.

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 True or False. Identify whether the following
statements about counseling are true or false. If false,
Try This!
replace the underlined word with the correct one.

3. At the end of a counseling session, the

counselor may reach a resolution or a
solution to the problem.

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 True or False. Identify whether the following
statements about counseling are true or false. If false,
Try This!
replace the underlined word with the correct one.

4. At the end of a counseling session, the

client may achieve social inclusion or
better adaptation to the environment,
thus making him or her a more productive
member of the society.
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 True or False. Identify whether the following
statements about counseling are true or false. If false,
Try This!
replace the underlined word with the correct one.

5. At the end of a counseling session, the

counselor may learn new skills and
knowledge on how to approach certain
circumstances in his or her life.

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 ● Counseling is a learning process, wherein through
Wrap- the guidance of a counselor, the client learns more
Up
about himself or herself, his or her responses to the
environment, and ways of becoming a more
productive member of the society.

● As an interactive process, counseling aims to

establish a safe space for the client, and through
the interaction, the client becomes more self-aware,
learns either acceptance or problem-solving, and
achieves new and more effective ways of coping.
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 ● Potential outcomes of counseling include:
Wrap- resolution or a solution to the problem, learning
Up
or new knowledge or skills that could help the
client cope better, and social inclusion.

● Counseling and psychotherapy use similar

techniques and approaches, but they are different
in the severity of problems that they are equipped
to deal with.

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Challenge
Yourself ESSAY WRITING. Given the following topics on
the next slides, create an essay with no less
than three arguments. Support your
statements with explanations and concrete
examples.

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 Counseling in the Midst of a Pandemic (Share
your thoughts on the relevance of counseling when
Challenge
Yourself
a society is facing a pandemic.)

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 Counseling and War Veterans (Share your
thoughts on the relevance of counseling to
Challenge
Yourself
veterans of war.)

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Photo Credit

Slide 12: MANNA Counseling by Kendl123 is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons.

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 Bibliography

Crenshaw, David. Engaging Resistant Children in Therapy: Projective Drawing and StoryTelling Strategies. New York:
Rhinebeck Child and Family Center Publications, 2004.

Dustin, Richard, and Rickey George. Action Counseling for Behavior Change. Pennsylvania: Intext Educational
Publishers, 1973.

Gustad, John. “The Definition of Counseling.” In Roles and relationships in counseling, edited by Ralph F. Berdie, 3-19.
Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1953.

Lewis, Edwin. The Psychology of Counseling. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.

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 Bibliography

Mcleod, John. An Introduction to Counselling, 3rd ed. New York: Open University Press, 2004.

Perez, Joseph Francis. Counseling: Theory and Practice. Michigan: Addison-Wesley, 1965.

Shertzer, Bruce, and Shelley C. Stone. Fundamentals of Guidance. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1976.

Wampold, Bruce. "How important are the common factors in psychotherapy? An update." World Psychiatry 14, no. 3
(2015): 270-77. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20238.

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