Work Study

Presented By :
1. Sanket Kaware (160)
2. Forum Jatania (131)
3. Akshata Kale (126)
4. Prathamesh Joshi (149)
5. Mahendra Deshpande (181)
6. Ramesh Jadhawar (151)
Introduction :
-Work study is a generic term for those techniques, method study and work
measurement which are used in the examination of human work in all its contexts.

-It lead systematically to the investigation of all the factors which affect the
efficiency and economy of the situation being reviewed, in order to effect
improvement.

-Work study aims at improving the existing and proposed ways of doing work
and establishing standard times for work performance.

-Work design involves job design, work measurement and the establishment of
time standards and worker compensation.
Framework of work study :

Method study is the systematic recording and critical examination of existing and
proposed ways of doing work, as a means of developing and applying easier and
methods and reducing costs.

Work measurement (or Time study) is the application of techniques designed to

establish the time for a qualified worker to carry out a specified job at a defined
level of performance.
Importance of Work Study :
-Work study is a means of enhancing the production efficiency i.e., productivity
of the firm by elimination of waste and unnecessary operations.

-It is a technique to identify non-value adding operations by investigation of all

the factors affecting the job.

-It is the only accurate and systematic procedure oriented technique to establish
time standards.

-It is going to contribute to the profit as the savings will start immediately and
continue throughout the life of the product.
 PRODUCTIVITY:

Productivity implies the quantitative relationship between what is produced

(output) and how many resources are used during production (input).
 It is the ratio between the output of goods and the input of resources consumed.
Symbolically, it can be expressed as:

Input refers to the use of all the resources for the creation of goods and services.
As against, the output is the quantity of goods and services produced.
 Productivity is a measure of the efficiency of the production system.
Factors affecting productivity:
• Human Factors:
The nature and conduct of a person is an important factor that affects productivity. It may be
divided into two categories:
Ability to work: Productivity rests on the potential or caliber of an individual to work, be it labor or
a manager.
Willingness to work: Here, motivation and morale play an important role in deciding a person’s will
to work.
• Technological Factors:
These factors also have a great impact on productivity. This includes:
Product design
Plant layout
Size and capacity of the plant
Location of plant
Timely supply of raw material
Repairs and maintenance
Material handling system
Research and development
Inventory control
• Managerial Factors:
Managers are the main lead of an organization. If the attitude and competence of managers
are not up to the mark, productivity will remain low. But, if the managers are competent
and dedicated to their work, the company would be able to reap extraordinary results. This
is because only managers can make effective use organization’s resources
• Social Factors:
We live in a society and we have to follow its culture, traditions, customs, rules, and
norms. Also, it poses a significant influence on productivity. However, the social factors,
differ from place to place. This means what is considered wrong in India, might not be
considered wrong in other countries like Japan or USA and vice versa.
• Economic Factors:
There are certain factors that also have an impact on productivity such as:
Market size
Banking and credit facilities
Transport and communication system
• Natural Factors:
It is quite obvious that there are some factors that are not under the control of
anyone. These are natural factors. The physical, geographical, geological, and
climatic conditions fall in this category.

• Government Policy:
The industrial policies of the Government have an important impact on the
industrial productivity; The Government should frame and implement such
policies which create favorable conditions for saving, investment, flow of capital
from one industrial sector to another and conservation of national resources.
Techniques for Improving the Productivity of an Organization

Task Based Product Technology Material Employee

Techniques: Based Based Based Based
Technique: Methods: Techniques: Methods:

Work Product Computer Material Incentive

measurement classification aided design requirement schemes for
(Time study) and coding planning individual
(MRP) employees
Motion Research and Computer Inventory Incentive
study/work development Aided process control schemes for
simplification planning group of
(Method study
employees
Job analysis Reliability and Computer Just in Time  Management
improvement in aided concept of by objectives
product design manufacturing inventory
management
Job evaluation Product Computer Material Total quality
and merit rating standardization integrated management management
manufacturing and quality (TQM)
(CIM) control
Method Study

 As per British Standards Institute(BS3138):-

“Method Study is the systematic recording & critical examination of the
existing and proposed ways of doing work as a means or developing and applying
easier , effective method”
Areas of Application of method study

 Improved layout of office , working areas of factories.

 Improved design of plant and equipment.
 Improved use of raw materials.
 Most Effective handling of Materials.
 Improved flow of work.
 Standardization of methods & Procedures.
 Better Working Conditions.
 रें
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Steps Involved In Method Study:-
स
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Record Examine ण
Select Develop
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Maintain Install Define Evaluate
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R
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Selection of the Job for Method Study:

 Economic Aspects

 Technical Aspects

 Human Considerations
Recording Techniques for Method Study
Principles of Motion Study

 Use of the Human body

 Arrangements of Workplace
 Design of Tools and Equipment
Work measurement

Work measurement is the application of techniques

which is designed to establish the time for an average
worker to carry out a specified manufacturing task at a
defined level of performance. It is concerned with the
duration of time it takes to complete a work task assigned to
a specific job.
Usage of work measurement.

A work has to be measured for the following reasons:

 To discover and eliminate lost or ineffective time
 To establish standard times for performance
measurement.
 To measure performance against realistic expectations.
 To set operating goals and objectives.
THANK YOU