APSIM 2016

Advanced Processes and Systems in

Manufacturing an International
Conference 2016
ZULAIKHA BTE ABDULLAH,
PROF. MADYA DR. SUFIZAR BTE AHMAD
(Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, UTHM)

The Effect of Compositionon 316L Stainless Steel Foams

Fabricated via Powder Metallurgy
 What I’m going to talk about…
1. The problem 2. Our methodology

3. Our results 4. What come up next..

mechanical
Excellent
properties
Introduction
electrical
Metal foams, Cellular
thermal
structures
acoustic

Low density

Open cell foam

Interconnected permeable
pore structures
Types of metal
foams

Closed cell foam

Segregate pores
 Vapour Deposition
Cont…
Space Holder Method

Powdered
Metal

Fabrication of Metal
Metal Ions
Metal Foams Vapour

Electro Deposition Spray Forming

Liquid
Metal
 Cont…
Application of Metal Foams

Lightweight
Automotive Structures
(US Armor)

Biomedical

Aerospace
 Cont…
BUT, in biomedical application

Mismatch of
stiffness between
bone and implant

Lead to the loosening of

implant

To overcome,

Fabricate the HIGH porosity

foam and good properties
Lead to new bone tissue grow
Reduce Stiffness
Provide good load transfer
Adequate biological fixation
 Cont…
Aim:

To produce SS316L foams by using Powder Metallurgy route with

Carbamide as space holder material that might be potential to
Biomedical applications.

One of medical devices application of the SS316L foams is TOTAL

JOINT PROSTHESIS.
 Methodology

Raw Material

Stainless steel (SS316L) Urea +

95 wt.%, 90 wt.%, 85 wt.%, 80wt.%,75wt.% Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)

Mixing using Planetary Ball Milling

Compaction Process

Sintering at first stage 280ºC &

second stage at 970ºC

Testing
FESEM, Density & Porosity
 Result & Discussion
Density & Porosity Analysis

• SS316L composition , • SS316L composition ,

density BUT porosity
 Result & Discussion
Morphological Analysis: 95 wt.% at 970°C

Densification
 Result & Discussion
Morphological Analysis: 90 wt.% at 970°C

Micro Pores
 Result & Discussion
Morphological Analysis: 85 wt.% at 970°C

Isolates Pores

Orthohombic Paramontrosite
Structure
 Result & Discussion
Morphological Analysis: 80 wt.% at 970°C

Micro Pores

Orthohombic Paramontrosite
Structure
 Result & Discussion
Morphological Analysis: 75 wt.% at 970°C

Micro Pores

Isolates Pores

Orthohombic Paramontrosite
Structure
Conclusion
• The aim of this study is accomplished.
• Successfully produce SS316L foam by
1.
Powder Metallurgy route and Carbamide
as space holder material.

• High percentage of porosity : SS316L

foams with the 75 wt.% composition of
2.
SS316L which from the morphology, the
sample show the large formation of pores.

• Metal foams with the 75 wt% of

SS316L has better performance com-
pared to the other composition with the
3.
lower value of density and higher value
of percentage of porosity make it suit-
able for the biomedical application