NATURAL COASTAL

PROTECTION
METHODS

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Dr. R.SAJEEV NEERAJ PRAKASH
DEPT.OF PHYICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
CUSAT
 OVERVIEW
 Introduction
 Natural coastal protection

• Vegetation
• Sand dunes
• Headlands and promontories
• Barrier beaches
• Mud banks
• Salt marshes
• Natural reefs
• Natural land forms
 Conclusion

 reference
 INTRODUCTION
 Coastal erosion and accretion

 Effect of human activities

 Coastal defence/protection

 Types of coastal protection

 Natural coastal protection
 Artificial coastal protection
NATURAL COASTAL PROTECTION
 Presence of vegetation
 Presence of sand dunes

 Presence of head land and promontory

 Presence of barrier beaches

 Seasonal occurrence of mud bank

 Presence of salt marsh

 Presence of natural reefs

 Presence of natural land forms

1. PRESENCE OF VEGETATION
Presence of mangroves trees
Salt tolerant

Complex root system

Stabilisation of
sediments

Filtering and trapping

 1. PRESENCE OF VEGETATION
CONTD.
 Presence of sea grass
Grass like flowering
plant

Water clarity

Wave attenuation

Stabilize sea bed

Occur in shallow
water
1. PRESENCE OF VEGETATION
CONTD.
•Presence of sea grass

Presence of sea grass

(Source:www.livescience.com)
2.PRESENCE OF SAND DUNES
Non rigid shore protection
structure

Linear accumulation of
sand

Form on the backshore of

beach

Suspension,saltation,surface
creep

Sediment supply

vegetation
3.PRESENCE OF HEADLANDS AND
PROMONTORY
 Headlands

 Geographical feature which borders the ocean

 Very high with a sheer drop to ocean

 High resistant rock(lava rock).

 Wave energy dispersion

3.PRESENCE OF HEADLANDS AND PROMONTORY
CONTD.
•Headlands

(Source: en.wikipedia.org) (Source:02coastsgroup2.wikispaces.com)

 3.PRESENCE OF HEADLANDS AND
PROMONTORY CONTN.
 Promontory

 Steep, cliff like

 More resistant granite rock

(Source: stephendanko.com)
 4.PRESENCE OF BARRIER BEACHES
 a sand ridge that rises slightly above the surface of the sea and runs roughly
parallel to the shore, from which it is separated by a lagoon.
 Protect against flooding

(Source : stock.jasonhawkes.com)
 6.SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF
MUD BANK
 Present in south west coastal region of india

 During southwest monsoon

 Presence of zaherite and gibbsite

 Persistent and non persistent mud bank

 Known fishing ground

 Quelling of waves
7.PRESENCE OF SALT MARSH
 It is found between land and brackish water
 Presence of salt tolerant plant

 Damping storm waves and slowing flow pushing inland

 Stabilize the sediment

Source: www.nps.gov)
8.NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF REEFS
 Hard compact structure by the activity of living
organism
 Sediment entrainment, bed stability and potential wave
attenuation

(Source: en.wikipedia.org)
8.PRESENCE OF NATURAL LANDFORMS
 Bay
 Cliffs and wave cut platform

 Cove or coastal inlet landform

 Cape landform

 Sea stack and stumps landform

 Spit landform

 Inlet landform
8.PRESENCE OF NATURAL LANDFORMS
CONTD.
 Bay
Body of water connected to
ocean or lake

Formed due to weak rock

erosion

Fishing and human

settlement

Block wind strength and

waves

ports
(Source: www.alevelgeography.com)
8.PRESENCE OF NATURAL LANDFORMS
CONTD.
 Bay

HORSESHOE BAY, QUEENSLAND

(Source : en.wikipedia.org)
8.PRESENCE OF NATURAL
LANDFORMS CONTD.
 Cliffs and wave cut platform

Cliffs are steep rock face at the edge of

sea

Retreat due to sub aerial weathering and

coastal erosion

(Source: www.bestourism.com)
8.PRESENCE OF NATURAL
LANDFORMS CONTD.
•Cliffs and wave cut platform

narrow flat area at the base of

a sea cliff

High resistant rock

Gentle platform less than 5°

Rate of shoreline retreat is

slow
8.PRESENCE OF NATURAL LANDFORMS
CONTD.
 Cove or coastal inlet landform

A small type of bay

Circular or oval

Differential erosion
8.PRESENCE OF NATURAL LANDFORMS
CONTD.
 Cape landform

a very ​large piece of ​land

sticking out into the ​sea

Formed in four ways

CAPE YORK
Source:www.reefnoutback.com.au
 8.PRESENCE OF NATURAL LANDFORMS
CONTD.
 Cape landform

CAPE GRACIOUS A CAPE COD

CAPE HATTERAS
DIOS Source:
Source:
Source : en.wikipedia.org
www.thekiteboarder.com
mapasamerica.dices.net
 8.PRESENCE OF NATURAL LANDFORMS
CONTD.
 Sea stack and stumps landform

Blocks of resistant rock

isolated from land by sea

Stack eroded to form

stump

SEA STACK AT IRELAND

(Source : www.uniqueascent.ie
8.PRESENCE OF NATURAL LANDFORMS
CONTD.
 Sea stack and stumps landform

(Source : www.subantarcticislands.com)
 8.PRESENCE OF NATURAL LANDFORMS
CONTD.
 Spit landform

A spit is an extended stretch of beach

material that projects out to sea and is
joined to the mainland at one end

waves meet beach at an oblique angle,

sediment moves in a zigzag pattern

Farewell Spit, Newzealand

(Source: en.wikipedia.org)
8.PRESENCE OF NATURAL LANDFORMS
CONTD.
Inlet landform
 Indentation of shoreline

 Long and narrow

 Classified by origin

 Tidal flow

 Act as entry point for habour

 Water exchange
8.PRESENCE OF NATURAL LANDFORMS
CONTD.
 Inlet landform

(Source : en.wikipedia.org)
 CONCLUSION
 Effective protection of shore line

 Natural and economic

 Artificial protection are absent where natural features

 Protection of natural coastal protection features is critical

 Critical evaluation and control of human activities

 REFERENCE
 Shore protection manual vol.2 by U.S Army Corpse Engineers
 Coastal landforms and surface features by Rodman.E.Snead
 Coasts : form, process and evolution by Woodroffe
 Coastal problem by Viles and Spencer
 U.S NAVY –An Introduction To Inlet
 Understating barrier beach by DEFRA
 http:// Oceanwiki.org
 http:// www.britannica.com
 http:// www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
 http:// www.geography-site.co.uk
 http:// www.bbc.co.uk
 http:// www.redcube.com
 http:// www.alvelgeography.com
 http:// www.nature.nps.gov
 http:// www.geosources.co.uk
 http:// www.wikispace.com
 http:// www.strath.ac.uk