First Aid for Burns

PREPARED BY:
DANA NAJMADIN
ROZHGAR IBRAHEM
SORAN ESAMADIN
ZHAKAW MAHDI

SUPERVISED BY:
MRS.RUKHOSH MEKHA
Outlines
 Introduction of Burns
 Types of Burn
 What is Rule Of Nines?
 First aid for 1st degree
 First aid for 2nd degree
 First aid for 3rd degree
 First aid for 4th degree
 Complications
 Shock
 Heat exhaustion
 Infection
 Scarring.
 References
 An introduction of Burns

Burns and scalds are damage to the skin

usually caused by heat ( thermal), radiation,
chemical, and electrical cause.

 Thermal (heat) burns: caused by fire,

steam, hot objects or hoy liquids.
 Electrical burns: caused by contact with
lightning or electrical energy source.
 Chemical burns: caused by contact with
industrial or household chemicals in
either solid, liquid or gaseous forms.
 Radiation burns: caused by the sun,
tanning, x-rays or during radiotherapy.
 Types of Burn

 It is classified according to degree, depth and severity.

According to degree
 1st degree
 2nd degree
 3rd degree
 4th degree
According to depth
 Superficial burn
 Partial burn
 Partial thickness burn
 Full thickness burn
According to severity

 Mild burn
 Moderate burn
 Severe burn
 Rule Of Nines For Burns

The size of a burn can be quickly estimated by using the "rule of nines."
This method divides the body's surface area into percentages.

 The front and back of the head and neck equal 9% of the body's surface
area.
 The front and back of each arm and hand equal 9% of the body's surface
area.
 The chest equals 9% and the stomach equals 9% of the body's surface
area.
 The upper back equals 9% and the
lower back equals 9% of the body's
surface area.
 The front and back of each leg and
foot equal 18% of the body's surface
area.
 The genital area equals 1% of the
body's surface area.
 First Aid for first degree

Superficial burn: burns that affects

the outer layer of skin (epidermis)

 Stop the burning- remove the

victim from the source of the
burn
 Cool the burned area with cool,
running water
+ Use sheets towels soaked in
water to cool a burn on the face or
other areas that cannot be soaked.
 wearing gloves, loosely cover the
area with dry, sterile bandages
cooling always
takes 10-45 min
 First aid for second degree burns

Partial thickness: a burn that involves the

top layers of the skin (epidermis and
dermis)

 Obtain medical care immediately if burns

are larger than 2- 3 inches or are on the
face/hands
 Cool the burned area with cool
water/clothes
 Do not break blisters or remove tissues
 Loosely cover with dry, sterile bandages.
If burns cover a large area of the body
cover victim with clean/ dry sheets to
prevent infection and reduce pain
 Elevate the burned area above heart level
 First aid for third degree

Full thickness burn: a burn that

involves all the layers of the skin and
some underlying tissues(fat, muscles,
bones, nerves).
 Obtain medical care immediately
 Determine if the victim is breathing,
give rescue breaths if necessary.
 Do not remove clothing stuck to the
burn, break blisters, or remove
tissue.
 Do not apply anything cold to the
burn.
 Loosely cover the area with
sterile/dry bandages or clean cloth.
 First aid for fourth degree burn

The precise treatment for your fourth-

degree burn will depend on the extent of the
damage to your body, as well as your overall
health. While waiting for an ambulance to
arrive, you can help a burn victim by:

 raising the injured body part above the

heart, if possible
 covering the affected area with a loose
bandage or cloth
 placing a light sheet or blanket over them,
especially if they appear cold from reduced
blood pressure
 Flushing the area with water (for chemical
burns only)
 don’t apply ice
 don’t apply creams or
ointments to the burns
 don’t remove clothing that may
be stuck to the burn
 don’t pick at skin or peel away
any blisters
 Complications

Burns and scalds can sometimes lead to further problems,

including
 Shock
 Heat exhaustion
 Infection
 Scarring.
 Shock

After a serious injury, it's possible to go into shock. Shock is a life-threatening

condition that occurs when there's an insufficient supply of oxygen to the body. It's
possible to go into shock after a serious burn.
Signs and symptom
1. a pale face
2. cold or clammy skin
3. a rapid pulse
4. fast, shallow breathing
5. yawning
6. Unconsciousness

 lay the person down (if their injuries allow it) and raise and support their legs
 use a coat or blanket to keep them warm, but do not cover their face or the burnt
area
 do not give them anything to eat or drink
 Heat exhaustion

Heat exhaustion and heatstroke are 2 heat-related health conditions that

happen when the temperature inside your body rises to 37 to 40C or above.
Both heat exhaustion and heatstroke can be very serious. They're often
caused by being exposed to too much sunlight or heat.

Symptoms
 extreme tiredness and lack of energy
 dizziness or fainting
 feeling sick or vomiting
 rapid pulse
 headache
 muscle pain
 irritability
 confusion
 If a person with heat exhaustion is taken quickly to a cool
place, given water to drink and has their clothing loosened,
they should start to feel better within half an hour.
 Infection
Wounds can become infected if bacteria get into them. If your burn or scald
has a blister that's burst, it may become infected if it's not kept clean.
Your wound may be infected if:
 it's uncomfortable, painful or smelly
 you have a high temperature of 38C or higher
 you have signs of cellulitis, a bacterial infection that causes redness and
swelling of the skin

In rare cases, an infected burn can cause blood poisoning (sepsis) or toxic
shock syndrome. These serious conditions can be fatal if not treated.

Signs of sepsis and toxic shock syndrome include:

1. a high temperature
2. dizziness
3. vomiting
 Scarring

A scar is a patch or line of tissue that remains after a wound has healed.
Most minor burns only leave minimal scarring.

You can try to reduce the risk of scarring after the wound's healed by:

 applying an emollient, such as aqueous cream or emulsifying ointment,

every day until the burn is no longer dry or itchy. This could take 3 to 6
months
 using sunscreen with a high sun protection factor (SPF) to protect the
healing area from the sun when you're outside
References

 www.nhs.uk/conditions
 www.shutterstock.com
 www.goodrx.com
 www.thefirstaidcoursesydney.com.au